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Old 12-27-2020, 10:09 AM   #1
Nguyen
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Covid vaccines and cancer patients

Very little information at the moment, I'll keep update this as I see more.

Nguyen


https://ascopost.com/issues/december...id-19-vaccine/

https://www.asco.org/asco-coronaviru...atients-cancer

https://www.esmo.org/covid-19-and-ca...19-vaccination

What is the ability of cancer patients to mount an immune response following vaccination?

Data on humoral and cellular immune response to antiviral vaccination in cancer patients are scarce, and mostly address the issue of influenza vaccination [1,2]. Observational clinical studies indicate that lower mortality and morbidity rates from influenza are observed in cancer patients receiving influenza vaccination [II] [3], suggesting an efficient immune response.

In lung and breast cancer patients, the humoral immune response to vaccination appears adequate, although not all patients were receiving chemotherapy [IV] [4,5]. In a study of patients with various solid tumours, the response to vaccination was better than in patients with lymphoma [IV] [6].

In patients receiving chemotherapy, seroconversion and seroprotection rates are expected to be lower than in the general population [IV] [7], but not in patients receiving single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) [IV] [8].

In patients receiving chemotherapy, multiple doses of vaccine might help to reach adequate seroconversion and seroprotective rates. As an illustration, in a non-randomised Phase II study on 65 patients with solid tumours receiving chemotherapy (+/- molecular targeted agents) during the 2009 influenza season, 5% of patients had vaccine strain titres of specific haemagglutination inhibition antibodies that were ≥1:40 at baseline. After one and two doses of AS03A-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine, seroprotection rates (i.e. the proportion of participants with antibody titres ≥1:40) were 48% and 73%, respectively, and seroconversion rates were 44% and 73%, respectively [III] [9].

Whenever possible, the administration of the vaccine should be performed before initiation of chemotherapy [V] [2]. In patients who have already initiated chemotherapy, the existing data do not support a specific timing of administration with respect to chemotherapy infusions [III] [2, 9].
In order to generate protective immunity following vaccination, intact host immunity is needed, particularly with respect to antigen presentation, B- and T-cell activation. In this context, vaccination may be less effective in patients receiving anti–B-cell antibodies or intensive chemotherapy (e. g. induction or consolidation chemotherapy for acute leukaemia) because the antibody response may be low, due to B-cell depletion, though the role and potential protective effect of T-cell immunity has not been studied extensively [V] [2].

The level of evidence is weak, due to the small number of studies and their methodology; placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials of antiviral vaccination among adults with cancer being often considered ethically questionable [V] [2].
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Old 01-14-2021, 12:10 PM   #2
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

Proably should read the whole article, there are other useful info in it, beside snippets below.

Nguyen

https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/ce...ronavirus.html

"...“Most cancer patients, even those in treatment, should go ahead and get vaccinated when it becomes available,” he said. “Ideally between cycles of systemic immunosuppressive therapy.”

Patients in treatment should work with their oncologists to time the two-shot vaccine, he said.

“Using the flu vaccine as a prototype, it seems to be significantly better to give the vaccine between cycles rather than at the same time as the cytotoxic [cell-killing] therapy,” he said....

...I would prioritize patients with active cancer as well as those on active cancer therapy,” he said. “We’re fighting a pandemic where cancer patients are at three, four, or five times greater risk for fatality than others. It’s a risk-benefit equation. Their risk from COVID-19 is exceptionally high...


"
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Old 01-16-2021, 11:53 AM   #3
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/943972

https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/ful...108(21)00001-5
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Old 01-20-2021, 03:01 PM   #4
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

Not sure how I stumbled across the info that NSAOD pain killer impacts immune respond from vaccine. I thought I saw something similar on CDC, but for some strange reason, couldn't find it again yet. An ultra short summary of the two pubmed articles below is:

NSAID class pain killer (anti inflammatory) block the Cox-2 pathway and in turn blocks the final transformation of B lymphocytes to become plasma producing cells which produce antibody. Reduction of antibody implies a weak immune respond.

Incidentally, lots of conventional drugs are cox2 inhibitor. Natural anti inflammatory substance such as tumeric/curcurmin also is a cox2 inhibitor.

Nguyen

From CA Orange County:

http://www.ucihealth.org/covid-19/co...0the%20vaccine.

“Q. Should I take Tylenol or Motrin before my vaccination?
A. If you regularly take aspirin, acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) and ibuprofen (e.g., Motrin, Advil) for other medical conditions, continue to do so as directed by your physician or as needed. Otherwise, do not pre-medicate.
Taking over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen before receiving a vaccine may reduce its ability to work and blunt your immune response to the vaccine. After the vaccination, don’t hesitate to take an over-the-counter medication if you have symptoms that make you uncomfortable.”
-------------
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/...lenol-for-mild

“…Unless your health care provider tells you otherwise, it’s best not to take pain relievers one or two days before the flu vaccine and for a week afterward,” said David J. Topham, Ph.D., a study author and professor in the Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology at URMC.

What about low-dose aspirin? Individuals who take aspirin for cardiovascular or vascular disease should talk to their doctors before stopping even low-dose aspirin. And people who take medications such as Celebrex for arthritis or other chronic pain also should consult their physicians…

The use of NSAIDs may adversely influence the efficacy of vaccines, especially in the immunocompromised, elderly and when vaccines are weakly immunogenic…”

------------

I believe the research below are the reference science for above guide lines.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19941994/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20050331/
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Old 01-22-2021, 09:40 PM   #5
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

Well, to be fair for most people Coronavirus poses virtually no risk at all, so any risk that comes with the vaccine is significant.
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Old 05-14-2021, 07:59 AM   #6
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

>Well, to be fair for most people Coronavirus poses virtually no risk at all, so any risk that comes with the vaccine is significant.

The above statement is so manipulative, irresponsible, and selfish!
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Old 07-01-2021, 06:45 AM   #7
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patients

Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNAvaccines in patients with cancer

https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/s...20210701133648

SUMMARYPatientswithcancerexperienceahigherburdenof SARS-CoV-2infection,diseaseseverity,complications,andmortal ity, than the general population. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly effective in the general popula-tion; however, few data are available on their efficacy in patients with cancer. Using a prospective cohort, weassessed the seroconversion rates and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers following the first andsecond dose of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer in US and Europefrom January to April 2021. Among 131 patients, most (94%) achieved seroconversion after receipt of two vac-cine doses. Seroconversion rates and antibody titers in patients with hematological malignancy were signifi-cantly lower than those with solid tumors. None of the patients with history of anti-CD-20 antibody in the6monthsbeforevaccinationdevelopedantibodyrespon se.Antibodytiterswerehighestforclinicalsurveillanc eor endocrine therapy groups and lowest for cytotoxic chemotherapy or monoclonal antibody groups.
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Old 07-31-2021, 05:18 PM   #8
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Serologic Status and Toxic Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Und

Serologic Status and Toxic Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Cancer

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2781608

Key Points

Question What is the serologic status and incidence of adverse effects in patients with cancer who are receiving therapy after administration of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine?

Findings This cohort study evaluated serologic status and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine in 232 patients receiving active treatment for cancer and 261 health care workers who served as controls. After the first dose of the vaccine, 29% of the patients were seropositive compared with 84% of the controls; after the second dose, the seropositive rate of the patients reached 86%, and reported adverse events resembled those of healthy individuals.

Meaning The SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine appears to be safe with satisfactory levels of seropositivity in patients undergoing treatment for cancer, although protection may occur later compared with the healthy population.
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Old 08-11-2021, 08:40 PM   #9
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Re: Covid vaccines and cancer patientsDurability of Response to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 V

Durability of Response to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccination in Patients on Active Anticancer Treatment

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...tm_term=081121

Hopefully, booster shot (third dose) for at risk people will be authorized this Friday. This would go a long way (for most people) in improving/restore vaccine respond.
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Old 08-20-2021, 09:09 AM   #10
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First long-acting antibody combination to prevent COVID-19

I thought this is great news for those of us who don’t produce (or produce “enough”) antibodies after vaccine. Though don’t count on it and skip vaccine. Antibody level is only one component our immune defense.

https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-ce...-endpoint.html
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Old 12-03-2021, 08:59 AM   #11
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Assessment of Response to a Third Dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Pat

Assessment of Response to a Third Dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Patients With Solid Tumors Undergoing Active Treatment

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2786532

Yakir Rottenberg, MD, MPH1,5; Albert Grinshpun, MD, MSc2; Iddo Z. Ben-Dov, MD, PhD3,5; et al Esther Oiknine Djian, PhD4,5; Dana G. Wolf, MD4,5; Luna Kadouri, MD1,5
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA Oncol. Published online November 23, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6764

Following massive global initiatives, the US Food and Drug Administration approved several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. While manifestations of COVID-19 are heterogeneous, patients with solid tumors undergoing active therapy are at considerable risk for worse outcomes.1,2 Among these patients, humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been reported in approximately 90%.3 Although high, this proportion is considerably lower than the 99% to 100% found in control groups.4 Among patients who are treated with chemotherapy, further reduced humoral responses have been described.3

The emergence of the Delta variant in June 2021 has increased both the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and cases of severe illness.5 The variant’s heightened immune evasion and waning vaccine-elicited immunity in the population may explain high levels of viral transmission. Among adults 60 years and older who have received a vaccine booster as a third dose at least 5 months after second vaccination, the rate of confirmed infection was lower than in matched nonboosted adults by a factor of 11.3 as soon as 12 days after the booster shot, and the rate of confirmed infections was halved after only 4 to 6 days.5 Considering the lower immunogenic response to the BNT162b2 vaccine among patients with solid tumors, primarily those treated with chemotherapy, we evaluated the short-term (<30 days) humoral response to a third (booster) shot in this population.

Methods

Patients with solid tumors treated at the Hadassah Medical Center infusion center in Jerusalem, Israel were invited to participate in the study. The study was approved by the Hadassah Medical Center ethics committee, and participants gave informed consent prior to blood collection. Treatment was defined as chemotherapy, biologics, checkpoint inhibitors, or combinations. All enrolled patients had 2 previous BNT162b2 vaccines. Blood samples were collected at a median (range) of 13 (1-29) days after the BNT162b2 booster and analyzed for antibodies binding the spike protein, as in post–second vaccination (Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG [DiaSorin]).3 Before-vs-after antibody levels were compared using paired-sample t test, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess association of variables of interest with postbooster antibody levels. Analyses were performed using Prism, version 9 (GraphPad), and R, version 4.0.3 (R Foundation). A P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

From August 15 to September 5, 2021, a total of 37 patients underwent serologic testing after receiving a vaccine booster. The median (range) time interval between the booster and the second vaccine was 214 (172-229) days, and the median (range) interval between the second vaccine and the post–second vaccine antibody measurement was 86 (30-203) days.

The median (range) age of patients was 67 (43-88) years. Eleven (30%) patients had nonmetastatic cancer, and 19 (51%) were being treated with chemotherapy. All but a single patient had a positive serologic test result (this patient was in their 40s without chronic illness and was undergoing adjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with trastuzumab and pertuzumab). Moreover, irrespective of the presence of chemotherapy in the treatment protocol, nearly all patients had excellent levels, and a statistically significant antibody step-up was noted, with patients who had shown a moderate or minimal response following the second dose included (Figure). Multiple linear regression disclosed that antibody levels post–second dose (0.497 units per 1 unit in log10 scale; P < .001) and older age (0.01 units in log10 scale per year; P = .03) were associated with higher antibody levels after the booster, while sex, chemotherapy status, and the interval between third dose and testing were insignificant (Table).

Discussion

Although limited by a small sample size, data in this cohort study suggest a generally positive and immediate antibody response to booster administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine among patients with cancer receiving active systemic therapy. These results align with other recent findings showing swift, substantial response in comparable booster-dosed populations (eg, solid organ transplant recipients).6

As for clinical ramifications, the present results support booster dosing of patients with cancer, including individuals being treated with chemotherapy. Accordingly, these results highlight the superiority of serial vaccinations over single dose among patients with solid cancers. Moreover, reduced rates of confirmed COVID-19 and severe illness among older adults in Israel following the BNT162b2 vaccine booster,5 combined with the immunogenic response found in this study, underscore the potential important role of booster doses in mitigating the risk of infection during the emergence of viral variants.
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Old 03-10-2022, 03:57 PM   #12
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Humoral Responses Against Variants of Concern by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Immunocomp

Significant difference between Pfizer and Moderna!


Humoral Responses Against Variants of Concern by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Immunocompromised Patients

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2790203
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Old 04-14-2022, 09:54 AM   #13
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Novel COVID-19 Vaccine May Provide Protection for Cancer Patients With B-cell Deficie

Novel COVID-19 Vaccine May Provide Protection for Cancer Patients With B-cell Deficiencies

https://www.aacr.org/about-the-aacr/...-deficiencies/
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Old 04-24-2022, 09:37 AM   #14
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Encouraging and downer data points.

For the CNN's article, note the section on immune compromised. I think the difference between the two data(Israel vs Kaiser) is Omicron.

Nguyen


Long-term Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 (Pfizer) Vaccine in Patients With Solid Tumors

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2791657

How well is our immunity holding up against Covid-19?

https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/22/healt...-19/index.html
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Old 05-29-2022, 03:30 PM   #15
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Efficacy and impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on cancer treatment for patients with b

Efficacy and impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on cancer treatment for patients with breast cancer: A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

https://meetings.asco.org/abstracts-...tations/209998

Mitsuo Terada

Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan


Mitsuo Terada, Naoto Kondo, Yumi Wanifuchi-Endo, Takashi Fujita, Tomoko Asano, Yasuaki Uemoto, Tomoka Hisada, Akiko Kato, Natsumi Yamanaka, Hiroshi Sugiura, Keiko Mita, Asaka Wada, Eriko Takahashi, Kanako Saito, Ryo Yoshioka, Tatsuya Toyama
Organizations

Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan, Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Departments of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Departments of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan, Education and Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan, Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan, Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
Abstract Disclosures
Research Funding

No funding received

Background:

Vaccination is an essential strategy to prevent infection in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, there are concerns about vaccine efficacy and the impact of vaccination on cancer treatment. Additionally, the emergence of novel variants may affect vaccination efficacy. This multi-center, prospective, observational study investigated the efficacy and impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 variants on treatment among breast cancer patients in Japan.

Methods:
Breast cancer patients scheduled to be vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine from May to November 2021 were included. They were stratified into five groups according to their cancer treatment: no treatment, endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitor, chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy. Serum samples were collected before the first vaccination and after the second vaccination. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type (WT), alpha (α), delta (δ), kappa (κ), and omicron (ο) variants were measured by ELISA assay. The effect of vaccination on cancer treatment was also investigated.

Results:
There were 85 eligible patients (no treatment, n = 5; endocrine therapy, n = 30; CDK4/6 inhibitor, n = 14; chemotherapy, n = 21; and anti-HER2 therapy, n = 15) with a median age of 65 years. The overall seroconversion rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 95.3%. The seroconversion rate of the chemotherapy group was 81.8%. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody concentration was positively correlated with the lymphocyte count before vaccination (r = 0.232, p = 0.039). Overall neutralizing antibody titers against each variant were significantly lower than for WT. Overall positive rates of neutralizing antibodies against WT, α, δ, κ, and ο variants were 90.2%, 81.7%, 96.3%, 84.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. A downward trend of neutralizing antibody titers against each variant was seen in chemotherapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor groups compared with other groups. Significant decreases were detected in neutralizing antibody titers against WT, α, and κ variants in the chemotherapy group, and WT and α variants in the CDK4/6 inhibitor group compared with the no treatment group. Withdrawal or postponement of systemic therapy because of vaccination was only observed in one patient.

Conclusions:
Our data support SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for cancer patients being treated with systemic therapy. However, neutralizing antibody titers against the ο variant were very low even after two vaccinations among patients with or without cancer treatment. Further, a decrease in neutralizing antibody titer was suggested during chemotherapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor, raising concerns about the impact on long-term infection prevention. For these patients, infection-preventive behaviors should be recommended even after vaccination. They will also be good candidates for booster vaccinations.
Clinical trial information: UMIN000045527.
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Old 09-24-2022, 04:16 PM   #16
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Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.4 Variants After Fourth Vaccination or T

tixagevimab and cilgavimab is Evusheld. Not sure I agree with the wording in the conclusion about Evusheld. Note the word "may" and "blocking" is totally different from preventing severe disease or hospitalization. Also very small sample size.

Nguyen

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.4 Variants After Fourth Vaccination or Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab Administration in Patients With Cancer




Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.4 Variants After Fourth Vaccination or Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab Administration in Patients With Cancer

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...6-00ed1fe3d741
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Old 10-11-2022, 09:01 AM   #17
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Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.4 Variants After Fourth Vaccination or T

Note that this is a very small study.

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.4 Variants After Fourth Vaccination or Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab Administration in Patients With Cancer

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2796770

Patients with cancer are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and show impaired immune responses after vaccination.1,2 Specifically, levels of neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern, including Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), are lower in patients with cancer than in those without.3 Fourth vaccination dose or administration of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, such as tixagevimab and cilgavimab, is being considered, although data supporting this strategy are limited, especially in the context of currently circulating variants, such as BA.4.
Methods

To analyze variant-specific humoral immunity after active and passive SARS-CoV-2 immunization in patients with hemato-oncologic diseases, we compared antibody levels against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 hu-1 and Omicron sublineages BA.1 or BA.4 after the third and fourth vaccinations or administration of tixagevimab and cilgavimab in patients with cancer. Moreover, the inhibition of the interaction between these RBDs and the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) was evaluated as described previously.3 The study was approved by the institutional review boards of the Medical University of Vienna and the Südtiroler Sanitätsbetrieb. All patients provided written informed consent before serum sampling (eMethods in the Supplement). The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki,4 complying with all applicable amendments and institutional guidelines and national law, and we followed relevant portions of the STROBE reporting guideline.

Results with a 2-sided P < .05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism, version 9.3 for Mac (Dotmatics).
Results

In total, 72 patients (median [range] age, 74 [48-89] years; 47 men [65.3%], 25 women [34.7%]) were included. Of these patients, 54 (75.0%) received a fourth vaccination (21 had solid tumors, and 33 had hematologic malignant neoplasms) and 18 (25.0%) received tixagevimab and cilgavimab as passive immunization.

We analyzed the levels of anti-RBD antibodies after the third and fourth vaccinations. Median (range) anti-RBD levels increased in patients with hematological malignant neoplasms undergoing B cell–targeted therapy, particularly against Omicron sublineages BA.1 (before vs after fourth vaccination: 0.154 [0.059-1.556] optical density vs 0.969 [0.057-1.306] optical density; P = .02) and BA.4 (0.245 [0.052-1.270] optical density vs 0.966 [0.052-1.383] optical density; P = .02). There were no differences in antibody levels among patients with other hematological diseases. Similarly, there was a pronounced increase in median (range) anti-RBD levels in patients with solid malignant neoplasms for all investigated variants of concern before vs after the fourth vaccination, including hu-1 (1.157 [0.121-2.210] optical density vs 1.438 [0.213-1.801] optical density; P = .02), BA.1 (0.721 [0.103-1.486] optical density vs 1.026 [0.146-1.553] optical density; P = .003), and BA.4 (0.556 [0.119-1.496] optical density vs 1.220 [0.251-1.423] optical density; P = .002).

We also investigated the capacity of patients’ serum samples to inhibit RBD and ACE-2 interaction. The inhibitory potential against RBD and ACE-2 interaction was generally higher after the fourth vaccination than after the third vaccination, especially for sublineages BA.1 and BA.4, in both patients with hematological disease (Figure 1) and those with solid tumors (Figure 2A).

Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory capacity of tixagevimab and cilgavimab as a preexposure prophylaxis for RBD and ACE-2 interaction. We observed a difference according to the investigated variant of concern, with median inhibition of 99.9% for hu-1, 34.9% for BA.1, and 15.4% for BA.4 (Kruskal-Wallis P < .001) (Figure 2B).
Conclusion

Study limitations include the relatively small, heterogeneous cohort and variable time points of blood sampling before the fourth vaccination, as some samples were drawn 3 to 4 weeks after the third vaccination and others a few weeks before the fourth vaccination. Moreover, thresholds of antibody levels conferring sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection remain elusive.

Findings suggest that passive immunization with tixagevimab and cilgavimab may not be effective in blocking Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.4. However, there was an increase in humoral immunity after the fourth vaccination. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings and guide vaccination recommendations.
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Old 01-20-2023, 11:01 AM   #18
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Covid vaccines and cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

Longitudinal efficacy and toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41419-022-05548-4
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Old 07-13-2023, 11:41 AM   #19
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COVID-19 Severity and Waning Immunity After up to 4 mRNA Vaccine Doses in 73 608 Pati

COVID-19 Severity and Waning Immunity After up to 4 mRNA Vaccine Doses in 73 608 Patients With Cancer and 621 475 Matched Controls in SingaporeA Nationwide Cohort Study

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2807035

Key Points

Question How effective is COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer in protecting against severe disease and does protection wane over time?

Findings In this nationwide cohort study including 73 608 patients with cancer and 621 475 matched controls, third and fourth vaccine doses were associated with incremental protection in both groups. No significant decrease in protection against severe disease was observed 5 months after the third and fourth vaccine dose.

Meaning Each booster COVID-19 vaccine dose was associated with significant clinical protection in patients with cancer, lasting at least 5 months in actively treated patients with cancer and cancer survivors, underscoring the benefit of boosters.
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Old 09-23-2023, 07:51 PM   #20
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Spontaneous tumor regression following COVID-19 vaccinatio ... not breast cancer ...

Not breast cancer but if one is very lucky...

Spontaneous tumor regression following COVID-19 vaccination

https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/3/e004371
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