HER2 Support Group Forums - View Single Post - Cannabinoid receptors – main ligands are Omega 3 and 6 derivatives, not hemp products

R.B. · 10-24-2019, 08:56 AM

Long chain Omega 3 is important to retinal function, thus one would expect that Omega 3 endocannabinoids play important roles in visual processing.

Imbalances in Omega 6 endocannabinoids are associated with a number of ocular neurodegenerative conditions - see abstract below.

Plant based cannabinoids will impact these pathways

Research into CBD in vision is limited.

Retina and Omega-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206354/

"In vertebrates, although DHA represents a small percentage of the fatty acids in most tissues (1–5%), it accounts for approximately 50–60% of the total fatty acid content within rod outer segments of photoreceptors (ROSs)"

Endocannabinoid receptors are found in and active in visual systems.

Much is still unknown.

"The sole output of the retina to the brain is a signal that results from the integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs at the level of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) are found throughout the central nervous system where they modulate synaptic excitability. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands have been localized to most retinal neurons in mammals, yet their impact on retinal processing is not well known." https://www.frontiersin.org/articles...019.00037/full

Retinal Cannabinoids 2017
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e27...0034be2fff.pdf

"eCBs are the one of the most recently described neuromodulators to be studied in neural and non-neural tissues. Their extensive expression in the nervous system and peripheral organ systems highlights the range of their actions, and their potential in therapeutic applications. Strong evidence now suggests a wide distribution of eCBs, receptors and enzymatic machinery in key structures of the visual system, including a strong presence in the retina. Although a clear picture can ascertain of the specific effects cannabinoids can have in the retina itself, or the visual system as a whole, various mechanisms in specific cellular structures of the retina have now been reported. The cannabinoid system also appears to have several roles in neuronal survival and apoptosis in the retina, and could be linked with many other ocular disorders.However, their specific mechanisms in retinal development, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection need to be more thoroughly investigated."

"The content of eCBs varies in certain disease states, suggesting the importance of eCBs in maintaining ocular homeostasis. For example, 2-AG levels are lower in the ciliary body of patients with glaucoma. However, in diabetic retinopathy, there are higher levels of 2-AG only in the iris, and increased levels of AEA in the retina, ciliary body, and cornea. Eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) also show increases of AEA in the retina, choroid, ciliary body, and cornea. Topically applied AEA reduces IOP by activation of CB1R and activation of the prostaglandin E 2 receptor after conversion of AEA to prostamides.Administration of either AEA or THC to human nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) cells induces COX-2 expression, indicating a relationship among prostaglandins, COX-2, and eCBs in lowering IOP. In addition, EP2 receptors have been localized in the NPE of mouse, porcine, and human ciliary body."

10-24-2019, 08:56 AM	#13
R.B. Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Posts: 1,843	Re: Cannabinoid receptors – main ligands are Omega 3 and 6 derivatives, not hemp prod Long chain Omega 3 is important to retinal function, thus one would expect that Omega 3 endocannabinoids play important roles in visual processing. Imbalances in Omega 6 endocannabinoids are associated with a number of ocular neurodegenerative conditions - see abstract below. Plant based cannabinoids will impact these pathways Research into CBD in vision is limited. Retina and Omega-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206354/ "In vertebrates, although DHA represents a small percentage of the fatty acids in most tissues (1–5%), it accounts for approximately 50–60% of the total fatty acid content within rod outer segments of photoreceptors (ROSs)" Endocannabinoid receptors are found in and active in visual systems. Much is still unknown. "The sole output of the retina to the brain is a signal that results from the integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs at the level of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) are found throughout the central nervous system where they modulate synaptic excitability. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands have been localized to most retinal neurons in mammals, yet their impact on retinal processing is not well known." https://www.frontiersin.org/articles...019.00037/full Retinal Cannabinoids 2017 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e27...0034be2fff.pdf "eCBs are the one of the most recently described neuromodulators to be studied in neural and non-neural tissues. Their extensive expression in the nervous system and peripheral organ systems highlights the range of their actions, and their potential in therapeutic applications. Strong evidence now suggests a wide distribution of eCBs, receptors and enzymatic machinery in key structures of the visual system, including a strong presence in the retina. Although a clear picture can ascertain of the specific effects cannabinoids can have in the retina itself, or the visual system as a whole, various mechanisms in specific cellular structures of the retina have now been reported. The cannabinoid system also appears to have several roles in neuronal survival and apoptosis in the retina, and could be linked with many other ocular disorders.However, their specific mechanisms in retinal development, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection need to be more thoroughly investigated." "The content of eCBs varies in certain disease states, suggesting the importance of eCBs in maintaining ocular homeostasis. For example, 2-AG levels are lower in the ciliary body of patients with glaucoma. However, in diabetic retinopathy, there are higher levels of 2-AG only in the iris, and increased levels of AEA in the retina, ciliary body, and cornea. Eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) also show increases of AEA in the retina, choroid, ciliary body, and cornea. Topically applied AEA reduces IOP by activation of CB1R and activation of the prostaglandin E 2 receptor after conversion of AEA to prostamides.Administration of either AEA or THC to human nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) cells induces COX-2 expression, indicating a relationship among prostaglandins, COX-2, and eCBs in lowering IOP. In addition, EP2 receptors have been localized in the NPE of mouse, porcine, and human ciliary body." Last edited by R.B.; 10-24-2019 at 08:58 AM..