causes, risk factors of breast cancer also breast cancer subtype specific
 

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Mar;16(3):439-43.
Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study.

Yang XR,
Sherman ME,
Rimm DL,
Lissowska J,
Brinton LA,
Peplonska B,
Hewitt SM,
Anderson WF,
Szeszenia-Dabrowska N,
Bardin-Mikolajczak A,
Zatonski W,
Cartun R,
Mandich D,
Rymkiewicz G,
Ligaj M,
Lukaszek S,
Kordek R,
Garcia-Closas M.
Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Room 7014, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236. royang@mail.nih.gov.
Analysis of gene expression data suggests that breast cancers are divisible into molecular subtypes which have distinct clinical features. This study evaluates whether pathologic features and etiologic associations differ among molecular subtypes. We evaluated 804 women with invasive breast cancers and 2,502 controls participating in a Polish Breast Cancer Study. Immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2 and HER1), and cytokeratin 5 were used to classify cases into five molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-expresing, basal-like, and unclassified. Relative risks were estimated using adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We observed that compared with the predominant luminal A tumors (69%), other subtypes were associated with unfavorable clinical features at diagnosis, especially HER2-expressing (8%) and basal-like (12%) tumors. Increasing body mass index significantly reduced the risk of luminal A tumors among premenopausal women (odds ratios, 0.71; 95% confidence intervals, 0.57-0.88 per five-unit increase), whereas it did not reduce risk for basal-like tumors (1.18; 0.86-1.64; P(heterogeneity) = 0.003). On the other hand, reduced risk associated with increasing age at menarche was stronger for basal-like (0.78; 0.68-0.89 per 2-year increase) than luminal A tumors (0.90; 0.95-1.08; P(heterogeneity) = 0.0009). Although family history increased risk for all subtypes (except for unclassified tumors), the magnitude of the relative risk was highest for basal-like tumors. Results from this study have shown that breast cancer risk factors may vary by molecular subtypes identified in expression studies, suggesting etiologic, in addition to clinical, heterogeneity of breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):439-43).
PMID: 17372238 [PubMed - in process]