already approved antibiotics to the rescue?? schoolgirls innocent question may have

[Lani]

opened new line of inquiry in cancer treatment

Schoolgirl comment points to antibiotics as new cancer treatments
[University of Manchester (UK)]
A way to eradicate cancer stem cells, using the side-effects of commonly used antibiotics, has been discovered by a University of Manchester researcher following a conversation with his young daughter.

Professor Michael P. Lisanti, Director of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer Unit, led the research. He was inspired to look at the effects of antibiotics on the mitochondria of cancer stem cells by a conversation with his daughter Camilla about his work at the University's Institute of Cancer Sciences. Camilla is currently a student at the Moor Allerton Preparatory School.

His new paper, published in Oncotarget, opens up the possibility of a treatment for cancer, which is highly effective and repurposes drugs which have been safely used for decades.

Mitochondria are the 'engine' parts of the cells and are the source of energy for the stem cells as they mutate and divide to cause tumours. Cancer stem cells are strongly associated with the growth and recurrence of all cancers and are especially difficult to eradicate with normal treatment, which also leads to tumours developing resistance to other types of therapy.

Professor Lisanti said: "I was having a conversation with Camilla about how to cure cancer and she asked why don't we just use antibiotics like we do for other illnesses. I knew that antibiotics can affect mitochondria and I've been doing a lot of work recently on how important they are to the growth of tumours, but this conversation helped me to make a direct link."

Professor Lisanti worked with colleagues from The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York and the Kimmel Cancer Centre, Philadelphia. The team used five types of antibiotics - including one used to treat acne (doxycycline) - on cell lines of eight different types of tumour and found that four of them eradicated the cancer stem cells in every test. This included glioblastoma, the most aggressive of brain tumours, as well as lung, prostate, ovarian, breast, pancreatic and skin cancer.

Mitochondria are believed to be descended from bacteria which joined with cells early on in the evolution of life. This is why some of the antibiotics which are used to destroy bacteria also affect mitochondria, though not to an extent which is dangerous to people. When they are present in stem cells, mitochondria provide energy for growth and, crucially, for division, and it is this process going wrong which leads to cancer.

In the lab, the antibiotics had no harmful effect on normal cells, and since they are already approved for use in humans, trials of new treatments should be simpler than with new drugs - saving time and money.

Professor Lisanti said: "This research makes a strong case for opening new trials in humans for using antibiotics to fight cancer. Many of the drugs we used were extremely effective, there was little or no damage to normal cells and these antibiotics have been in use for decades and are already approved by the FDA for use in humans. However, of course, further studies are needed to validate their efficacy, especially in combination with more conventional therapies."

Dr Matthew Lam, Senior Research Officer at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "The conclusions that the researchers have drawn, whilst just hypotheses at this stage, are certainly interesting. Antibiotics are cheap and readily available and if in time the link between their use and the eradication of cancer stem cells can be proved, this work may be the first step towards a new avenue for cancer treatment.

"This is a perfect example of why it is so important to continue to invest in scientific research. Sometimes there are answers to some of the biggest questions right in front of us but without ongoing commitment to the search for these answers, we'd never find them."

Importantly, previous clinical trials with antibiotics - intended to treat cancer-associated infections, but not cancer cells - have already shown positive therapeutic effects in cancer patients. These trials were performed on advanced or treatment-resistant patients.

In the lung cancer patients, azithromycin, the antibiotic used, increased one-year patient survival from 45% to 75%. Even lymphoma patients who were 'bacteria-free' benefited from a three-week course of doxycycline therapy, and showed complete remission of the disease. These results suggest that the antibiotic's therapeutic effects were actually infection-independent.

"As these drugs are considerably cheaper than current therapies, they can improve treatment in the developing world where the number of deaths from cancer is predicted to increase significantly over the next ten years," said Dr Federica Sotgia, another leader of the study.

ABSTRACT: Antibiotics that target mitochondria effectively eradicate cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: Treating cancer like an infectious disease
[Oncotarget]
Here, we propose a new strategy for the treatment of early cancerous lesions and advanced metastatic disease, via the selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a.k.a., tumor-initiating cells (TICs). We searched for a global phenotypic characteristic that was highly conserved among cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types, to provide a mutation-independent approach to cancer therapy. This would allow us to target cancer stem cells, effectively treating cancer as a single disease of "stemness", independently of the tumor tissue type. Using this approach, we identified a conserved phenotypic weak point - a strict dependence on mitochondrial biogenesis for the clonal expansion and survival of cancer stem cells. Interestingly, several classes of FDA-approved antibiotics inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis as a known "side-effect", which could be harnessed instead as a "therapeutic effect". Based on this analysis, we now show that 4-to-5 different classes of FDA-approved drugs can be used to eradicate cancer stem cells, in 12 different cancer cell lines, across 8 different tumor types (breast, DCIS, ovarian, prostate, lung, pancreatic, melanoma, and glioblastoma (brain)). These five classes of mitochondrially-targeted antibiotics include: the erythromycins, the tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines, an anti-parasitic drug, and chloramphenicol. Functional data are presented for one antibiotic in each drug class: azithromycin, doxycycline, tigecycline, pyrvinium pamoate, as well as chloramphenicol, as proof-of-concept. Importantly, many of these drugs are non-toxic for normal cells, likely reducing the side effects of anti-cancer therapy. Thus, we now propose to treat cancer like an infectious disease, by repurposing FDA-approved antibiotics for anti-cancer therapy, across multiple tumor types. These drug classes should also be considered for prevention studies, specifically focused on the prevention of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Finally, recent clinical trials with doxycycline and azithromycin (intended to target cancer-associated infections, but not cancer cells) have already shown positive therapeutic effects in cancer patients, although their ability to eradicate cancer stem cells was not yet appreciated.

[europa]

this is amazing. I once heard a research say that she would doubt breast cancer being associated with a virus and may be cured using a form of antibiotics. She was onto something.

[Lani]

I think you might have misheard

It is possible that breast cancer might be caused by a virus-- many head and neck and cervical cancers are-- but antibiotics are not effective against viruses

If these antibiotics work against some forms of cancer it may be because they target the mitochondria (as mitochondria have an evolutionary relationship with bacteria, being believed to have descended from bacteria) which are differentially sensitive in cancer vs normal cells

[KDR]

Friends,
We still don't know how bacteria, fungus and viruses influence the growth of cancer cells. Attacking it from all angles seems to be the best plan of action. Since seeing an integrative oncologist in July, I've been taking daily doxycycline, low dose, along with Metformin and many other supplements. We have never seen such stellar results.
Also, peanuts are on the list of things never to eat, as an aside (fungus).
Best wishes,
Karen

[donocco]

This is extremely interesting. It needs thorough investigation. I was particularly intriguedby the increased survival of lung cancer patients with Zithromax.

Ive heard of Doxycycline use in cancer before. One of the explanations for its benefit was an effect on Matrix Metalloproteins which are active in cancer. Minocycline, a tetracycline related to Doxycycline has been used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis with some benefit and I think the mechanism of action involves inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteins.

Paul

[Becky]

Remember Gina? 10 years ago she credited Z-pack for extended lifeand felt h. Pyloris as a culprit in bc. I hope she is looking down with a wry grin.

[SoCalGal]

This is so interesting...thanks for posting it (and everything), Lani.

KDR, what is low dose dosage?

Have at least two dr consults this week - would like to run this by my onc.

Many thanks!!

[CarolineC]

I have an onc appt as well and would really like to discuss this with her. I'm wondering if I have a low grade something (not cancer) going on and maybe an antibiotic would help.

Becky, I was thinking the exact same thing about Gina. I have found alot of her posts very interesting and have cut and pasted them. I think I'll look them up again.

[waterdreamer]

Karen, I am so happy to see things are stellar!!! I have stopped all chemo (had enough) and I am doing a vegan diet, juicing and supplements. My CEA markers dropped from 94 to 81 in the last month. I have not been on chemo since November. I was going to take a course of Co-Artem it is anti-malarial as I had read some interesting things about it and cancer, but I will now look at Doxy and try to find someone to prescribe it

[KDR]

Good thing I checked in this am! Hello, everyone!
Interesting cursory read on h. pylori, that was one of the first things my integrative onco checked for. Negative. Good.
Doxycycline is 100 mg. daily. I also take Metformin, 500 mg. daily.
I am SUPPOSED to take two baby aspirin each day, but I am still on chemo (Gem), and the platelets take a hit. So, for now, I've opted not to take the aspirin, but IF YOU can do it, you should!
I don't like to say that I've been "busy," because everyone is...but I am overwhelmed currently,
All's well
Love
Karen

[StephN]

Dear KDR,

Great to see that the thinking out of the box has had such a great effect for you! Attacking the tumors from all angles indeed - just look at the end of your signature and all the treatment options currently in play.

And as long as you are "overwhelmed" with things non-cancer, you are excused!

BTW, how long do you plan to take metformin?

[donocco]

The Metformin is said to affect the resistant stem cells.
It is wise to be on it. Although it is an antidiabetic it shouldn't lower your blood sugar like Glyburide like drugs do. It can even cause weight loss to s small degree whereas antidiabetic drugs like Sulfonylureas (Glipizide, Amaryl, Glyburide) and Actos do

Paul