Intrathecal Herceptin/Topotecan for Leptomeningeal Disease

[alexandra1]

Paul did nina have breast cancer that metastasized ?

[Lani]

Hot off the "press"

Reading the abstracts for the upcoming ASCO annual meeting I found this:

2015 Poster Discussion Session (Board #3), Fri, 1:00 PM-5:00 PM and 4:30 PM-5:30 PM
Intraventricular (IVe) topotecan for women with neoplastic meningitis (NM) asso- ciated with 􏰑responsive􏰑 malignancies.
Kurt A. Jaeckle, S. Keith Anderson, Anna Willson, Gerardo Colon-Otero, Tejal Amar Patel, Edith A. Perez; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Memorial Healthcare Systems, Hollywood, FL
Background: A prior study of intra-CSF topotecan (TOPO) for unselected pts w/ NM reported PFS 6 mo of 19%, and OS of 15 wks (Groves, NeuroOncol 2008;10:208). We postulated that greater activity might occur in pts w/ malignancies considered sensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors. Methods: We reviewed outcome of women with NM and adenocarcinoma of the breast, ovary or lung receiving IVe TOPO (0.4 mg 2x/wk x 4wk, Q wk x 4, Q 2wk x 2, Q mo x 3, Q 2mo x 3, and Q 3mo x 4) until progression (PROG) or adverse events (AE). All had baseline CSF cytology, and MRI of brain and spine. CSF cytology was obtained at each treatment (Rx), and brain/spine MRI Q 3mo. Neuro-specific PROG was defined as recurrent 􏰂 CSF cytology; PROG of NM on MRI; all-cause neurologic worsening; pt refusal; or death. PFS/OS were measured from 1st TOPO Rx. All pts signed consent; the study was IRB approved. Results: 17 women (breast -12; lung-3; ovary - 2) were treated via Ommaya reservoirs; 7 (41%) had VP shunts w/ valves, adjusted for Rx. Median (med) age was 53 (41-79), and KPS 70 (50-90). At presentation, 11(65%) had 􏰂 CSF cytology and 14 (82%) had NM on MRI [brain-11 (65%); spine-10 (59%)]. 15 (88%) had no prior intrathecal Rx. 13 pts (76%) received focal RT for CNS disease, and 8 (47%), chemotherapy for extracranial disease. Med.number of Rx were 13/pt (range, 3-50); med. duration of TOPO Rx was 14 wks (range, 1-109). Med. neuro-specific PFS was 13 wks; PFS6 was 41%, and PFS12, 29 %. Med. OS was 33 wks (range, 5-180), w/ 4 alive at 13􏰂, 30􏰂, 33􏰂, and 180􏰂 wks. 4 pts (24%) lived 􏰁 95 wks. Of 11 w/ baseline 􏰂 CSF cytology, 7 (64%) cleared CSF of malignant cells (med. duration clear 􏰃 47 wk (range, 9-104). AE included arachnoiditis (18%), leukoencephalopathy (18%), and Ommaya infections (12%). Rx was stopped for neuro PROG (29%); systemic PROG (23%); refusal (18%); AE (12%); or persistent negative CSF (6%); 12% are still on Rx. Conclusions: Promising activity of IVe TOPO was observed in women with NM from breast, lung and ovarian cancer. PFS 6 and 12, OS and cytologic response were twice that noted in prior studies of NM pts w/ unselected malignancies. This data supports our plan for a phase II study targeting this select cohort.

[Lani]

another pertinent ABSTRACT:

2052 General Poster Session (Board #13G), Sat, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM
Concurrent intrathecal methotrexate and liposomal cytarabine for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors.
Brian J. Scott, Homira Feely, Tiffany Brown, Vincent Van Vugt, Ryan Kim, Paul Timothy Fanta, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Santosh Kesari; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from solid tumors is typically a late manifestation of disease with a median survival of weeks to a few months. Treatment is palliative, with no widely accepted standard of care. Options include intrathecal (IT) or systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy or ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Randomized trials comparing single agent IT methotrexate to liposomal cytarabine have shown similar efficacy and tolerability. There is limited data, however, on the use of combination IT chemotherapy in solid tumor LM. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 19 subjects treated for LM from solid tumors at a single institution. In addition to therapies directed at active solid tumor sites, each subject received IT liposomal cytarabine plus IT methotrexate injections every two weeks. Survival data and treatment-related toxicities were determined by systematic chart review. Results: LM was diagnosed by CSF cytology in 12/19 (63%), while the remainder were diagnosed by clinical and MRI findings. The most common cancer types were breast 7(37%), glioblastoma 6(32%) and lung 3(16%). The majority 18(95%) had active systemic or parenchymal brain disease at the time of treatment, requiring systemic chemotherapy 18(95%) or radiation therapy 13(68%). The median number of IT treatments was 4(range 1-9). Treatment was interrupted due to toxicity in 3(17%), while 7(37%) experienced 􏰆 CTCAE grade III toxicities, most commonly meningitis 3(16%). Treatment was stopped in 7/19(37%) following complete cytologic response 6/11(55%) or radiographic clearance 1/7(14%). The median overall survival was 96 days(n􏰃6; range 29-158), median time to neurologic progression was 46 days (n􏰃9; range 6-101) and the most common cause of death was progression of systemic disease 4(67%). Conclusions: Combination IT chemotherapy was reasonably well-tolerated, even in a population also receiving chemotherapy for progressive systemic disease. IT-related adverse events occurred at rates similar to previously reported single agent trials. Prospective evaluation is necessary to determine whether there is a survival benefit compared to single agent IT chemotherapy.