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R.B. · 07-29-2006, 01:58 PM

Here are some trial results from the NCBI site re cancer weight loss and nutritional use of omega three etc.

The possible use of COX blockers is also mentioned a subject raised in another post.

Clearly you must dicuss dietary change or any administration of treatments with your medical advisors but these may assist in considering your options.

This is all fairly new and so as with so many things definative answers simply are not available.

RB

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum

1: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 May;8(3):265-9.Click here to read Links
Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.

* Deans C,
* Wigmore SJ.

Tissue Injury and Repair Group, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Medical School, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cachexia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. The mechanisms underlying this syndrome remain unclear and are almost certainly multifactorial. Evidence from animal models suggests a compelling link between cachexia and inflammation, and a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines play an integral role. This review summarizes current thinking relating to inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in cancer patients, with particular emphasis on studies relating to recent therapeutic advances. RECENT FINDINGS: Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the acute phase protein response, a key marker of systemic inflammation. Recent evidence has also implicated other tumour-derived mediators, such as proteolysis-inducing factor and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. In addition, systemic inflammation has been found in association with many malignancies, and has been correlated with weight loss, hypermetabolism, anorexia, and adverse prognosis. Treatments such as fish oil, monoclonal antibodies, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have all been utilized to attenuate systemic inflammation and influence weight loss. Recent clinical studies have suggested that eicosapentaenoic acid and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors promote weight gain and downregulate the acute phase protein response. SUMMARY: Pro-inflammatory processes are clearly implicated in the hypermetabolism and weight loss associated with cancer-associated cachexia. In addition, the presence of systemic inflammation is now clearly linked with adverse prognosis in patients with cancer, which cannot be fully explained by the association with weight loss. Systemic inflammation remains an important area for novel therapeutic targets in combating cachexia, and eicosapentaenoic acid and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors appear to be efficacious in the armory against cachexia.

PMID: 15809528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q..._uids=12886666

1: Biol Res Nurs. 2003 Jul;5(1):3-17.Click here to read Links
Rethinking nutritional support for persons with cancer cachexia.

* McCarthy DO.

National Institute of Nursing Research, 31 Center Drive, Room 5B-13, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA. mccarthd@mail.nih.gov

Cancer cachexia is a poorly understood syndrome of anorexia, weight loss, and muscle wasting that negatively impacts quality of life and survival in cancer patients. Research has clearly implicated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the biology of cancer cachexia. More recent research implicates products of arachidonic acid and suggests that cachexia may be a chronic inflammatory condition rather than a nutritional aberration. To date, nutritional support to slow weight loss has focused primarily on increasing calorie intake. Alternatively, many foods contain factors that can modulate the synthesis or activity of pro-inflammatory mediators, especially the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. These factors and foods are sometimes called nutraceuticals, and research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in combating cancer cachexia.

PMID: 12886666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links

* Cancer cachexia. [Surg Oncol. 1999] PMID: 11113664
* The cancer cachexia syndrome. [Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2001] PMID: 11406454
* What we have learned about cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer. [Dig Dis. 2003] PMID: 14571093
* Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005] PMID: 15809528
* The biochemical basis of metabolism in cancer cachexia. [Dimens Crit Care Nurs

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum

1: Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2005;9 Suppl 2:S39-50.Click here to read Links
Cancer-associated malnutrition.

* Argiles JM.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. argiles@porthos.bio.ub.es

Malnutrition is a common problem among patients with cancer, affecting up to 85% of patients with certain cancers (e.g. pancreas). In severe cases, malnutrition can progress to cachexia, a specific form of malnutrition characterised by loss of lean body mass, muscle wasting, and impaired immune, physical and mental function. Cancer cachexia is also associated with poor response to therapy, increased susceptibility to treatment-related adverse events, as well as poor outcome and quality of life. Cancer cachexia is a complex, multifactorial syndrome, which is thought to result from the actions of both host- and tumour-derived factors, including cytokines involved in a systemic inflammatory response to the tumour. Early intervention with nutritional supplementation has been shown to halt malnutrition, and may improve outcome in some patients. However, increasing nutritional intake is insufficient to prevent the development of cachexia, reflecting the complex pathogenesis of this condition. Nutritional supplements containing anti-inflammatory agents, for example the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), have been shown to be more beneficial to malnourished patients than nutritional supplementation alone. EPA has been shown to interfere with multiple mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, and in clinical studies, has been associated with reversal of cachexia and improved survival.

PMID: 16437757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum

1: Clin Chim Acta. 2006 May 16; [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read Links
Omega-3 fatty acid effects on biochemical indices following cancer surgery.

* Stehr SN,
* Heller AR.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.

Epidemiological studies have indicated that a high intake of saturated fat and/or animal fat increases the risk of colon and breast cancer. Laboratory and clinical investigations have shown a reduced risk of colon carcinogenesis after alimentation with omega-3 fatty acids, as found in fish oil. Mechanisms accounting for these anti-tumor effects are reduced levels of PGE(2) and inducible NO synthase as well as an increased lipid peroxidation, or translation inhibition with subsequent cell cycle arrest. Further, omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid is capable of down-regulating the production and effect of a number of mediators of cachexia, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and proteolysis-inducing factor. In patients with advanced cancer, it is possible to increase energy and protein intake via an enteral or parenteral route, but this seems to have little impact on progressive weight loss. Fish oil administration improved patients' conditions in cancer cachexia and during radio- and chemotherapy. In patients undergoing tumor resection surgery we observed improvement of liver and pancreas biochemical indices when omega-3 fatty acids were administered. This paper is a review of recent developments in the field of nutrition in cancer patients with emphasis on the acute phase response following cancer surgery and the beneficial aspects of fish oil administration.

PMID: 16796997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

07-29-2006, 01:58 PM	#13
R.B. Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Posts: 1,843	Here are some trial results from the NCBI site re cancer weight loss and nutritional use of omega three etc. The possible use of COX blockers is also mentioned a subject raised in another post. Clearly you must dicuss dietary change or any administration of treatments with your medical advisors but these may assist in considering your options. This is all fairly new and so as with so many things definative answers simply are not available. RB http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum 1: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 May;8(3):265-9.Click here to read Links Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. * Deans C, * Wigmore SJ. Tissue Injury and Repair Group, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Medical School, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cachexia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. The mechanisms underlying this syndrome remain unclear and are almost certainly multifactorial. Evidence from animal models suggests a compelling link between cachexia and inflammation, and a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines play an integral role. This review summarizes current thinking relating to inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in cancer patients, with particular emphasis on studies relating to recent therapeutic advances. RECENT FINDINGS: Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the acute phase protein response, a key marker of systemic inflammation. Recent evidence has also implicated other tumour-derived mediators, such as proteolysis-inducing factor and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. In addition, systemic inflammation has been found in association with many malignancies, and has been correlated with weight loss, hypermetabolism, anorexia, and adverse prognosis. Treatments such as fish oil, monoclonal antibodies, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have all been utilized to attenuate systemic inflammation and influence weight loss. Recent clinical studies have suggested that eicosapentaenoic acid and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors promote weight gain and downregulate the acute phase protein response. SUMMARY: Pro-inflammatory processes are clearly implicated in the hypermetabolism and weight loss associated with cancer-associated cachexia. In addition, the presence of systemic inflammation is now clearly linked with adverse prognosis in patients with cancer, which cannot be fully explained by the association with weight loss. Systemic inflammation remains an important area for novel therapeutic targets in combating cachexia, and eicosapentaenoic acid and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors appear to be efficacious in the armory against cachexia. PMID: 15809528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q..._uids=12886666 1: Biol Res Nurs. 2003 Jul;5(1):3-17.Click here to read Links Rethinking nutritional support for persons with cancer cachexia. * McCarthy DO. National Institute of Nursing Research, 31 Center Drive, Room 5B-13, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA. mccarthd@mail.nih.gov Cancer cachexia is a poorly understood syndrome of anorexia, weight loss, and muscle wasting that negatively impacts quality of life and survival in cancer patients. Research has clearly implicated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the biology of cancer cachexia. More recent research implicates products of arachidonic acid and suggests that cachexia may be a chronic inflammatory condition rather than a nutritional aberration. To date, nutritional support to slow weight loss has focused primarily on increasing calorie intake. Alternatively, many foods contain factors that can modulate the synthesis or activity of pro-inflammatory mediators, especially the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. These factors and foods are sometimes called nutraceuticals, and research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in combating cancer cachexia. PMID: 12886666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related Links * Cancer cachexia. [Surg Oncol. 1999] PMID: 11113664 * The cancer cachexia syndrome. [Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2001] PMID: 11406454 * What we have learned about cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer. [Dig Dis. 2003] PMID: 14571093 * Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005] PMID: 15809528 * The biochemical basis of metabolism in cancer cachexia. [Dimens Crit Care Nurs http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum 1: Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2005;9 Suppl 2:S39-50.Click here to read Links Cancer-associated malnutrition. * Argiles JM. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. argiles@porthos.bio.ub.es Malnutrition is a common problem among patients with cancer, affecting up to 85% of patients with certain cancers (e.g. pancreas). In severe cases, malnutrition can progress to cachexia, a specific form of malnutrition characterised by loss of lean body mass, muscle wasting, and impaired immune, physical and mental function. Cancer cachexia is also associated with poor response to therapy, increased susceptibility to treatment-related adverse events, as well as poor outcome and quality of life. Cancer cachexia is a complex, multifactorial syndrome, which is thought to result from the actions of both host- and tumour-derived factors, including cytokines involved in a systemic inflammatory response to the tumour. Early intervention with nutritional supplementation has been shown to halt malnutrition, and may improve outcome in some patients. However, increasing nutritional intake is insufficient to prevent the development of cachexia, reflecting the complex pathogenesis of this condition. Nutritional supplements containing anti-inflammatory agents, for example the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), have been shown to be more beneficial to malnourished patients than nutritional supplementation alone. EPA has been shown to interfere with multiple mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, and in clinical studies, has been associated with reversal of cachexia and improved survival. PMID: 16437757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...=pubmed_DocSum 1: Clin Chim Acta. 2006 May 16; [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read Links Omega-3 fatty acid effects on biochemical indices following cancer surgery. * Stehr SN, * Heller AR. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany. Epidemiological studies have indicated that a high intake of saturated fat and/or animal fat increases the risk of colon and breast cancer. Laboratory and clinical investigations have shown a reduced risk of colon carcinogenesis after alimentation with omega-3 fatty acids, as found in fish oil. Mechanisms accounting for these anti-tumor effects are reduced levels of PGE(2) and inducible NO synthase as well as an increased lipid peroxidation, or translation inhibition with subsequent cell cycle arrest. Further, omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid is capable of down-regulating the production and effect of a number of mediators of cachexia, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and proteolysis-inducing factor. In patients with advanced cancer, it is possible to increase energy and protein intake via an enteral or parenteral route, but this seems to have little impact on progressive weight loss. Fish oil administration improved patients' conditions in cancer cachexia and during radio- and chemotherapy. In patients undergoing tumor resection surgery we observed improvement of liver and pancreas biochemical indices when omega-3 fatty acids were administered. This paper is a review of recent developments in the field of nutrition in cancer patients with emphasis on the acute phase response following cancer surgery and the beneficial aspects of fish oil administration. PMID: 16796997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]