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Old 10-14-2019, 06:45 AM   #6
R.B.
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Posts: 1,843
Re: Cannabinoid receptors – main ligands are Omega 3 and 6 derivatives, not hemp prod

More questions than answers!

A bit complicated but confirms the point raised that Omega 3s and 6s and their downstream oxidized products including prostaglandins are crucial to the reproductive pathways, and cannabinoids impact these pathways.

Prostaglandin pathways also factor in cancers "Prostaglandins exert a profound influence over the adhesive, migratory, and invasive behavior of cells during the development and progression of cancer." https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcb/2012/723419/ Again it is complicated, but the Omega 3:6 thread tries to highlight the functional relevance of Omega 3 and 6 to cancer. http://her2support.org/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=24410



"Cannabinoids stimulate prostaglandin production by human gestational tissues through a tissue- and CB1-receptor-specific mechanism"

https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/...r_pub%3dpubmed

"This study demonstrates a potential role for endocannabinoids in the modulation of prostaglandin production in late human pregnancy, with potentially important implications for the timing and progression of term and preterm labor and membrane rupture."

"several studies (5, 21) have indicated that the incidence of cannabis use during pregnancy is ∼5–15%. These studies were mainly conducted in intercity hospitals, and in some cases their findings may be confounded by the use of other illicit substances as well as smoking. Cannabis use during pregnancy has been associated with many adverse outcomes such as low fetal birth weight, preterm delivery, and miscarriage (25).

The active ingredient in cannabis exerts its actions through brain-type (CB1) and spleen-type (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. Two key naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoid ligands, 2-arachidonyl-glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), have been identified (25), and recent years have seen the identification of a number of enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation (1). AEA is degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which metabolizes it into arachidonic acid and ethanolamide. CB1, CB2, and FAAH have all been identified and their expression characterized in gestational tissues (8, 17).

Disruptions in the balance of AEA levels and FAAH activity have been implicated in poor implantation in the mouse (15). Low FAAH activity and high levels of AEA are apparent in the blood of women who suffer from spontaneous miscarriages (14). Furthermore, increased circulating AEA levels lead to poor implantation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization as well as embryonic transfer procedures (13).

It is well established that prostaglandins play a critical part in multiple aspects of pregnancy, including delivery at term and preterm (1st and 2nd trimester), and that the fetal membranes play a major role in intrauterine prostaglandin production. Since endocannabinoids are both a source of AA that can then be a substrate for the production of prostaglandins and are also CB ligands with potential effects on placental tissues, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of endocannabinoids on the production of prostaglandins by extraplacental membranes: amnion, chorion, and decidua
."

Last edited by R.B.; 10-14-2019 at 09:17 AM..
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