Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluorine
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Iodine is another potential major dietary issue. It is hard to believe in a modern world with so many resources and so much technology that many people are iodine deficient, but that is exactly what the evidence and science points to.

Iodine is truly fundamental to the function of the body. Only 20-40% of the stored iodine in the body (this is in the iodine 'replete' - possibly the Japanese - in contrast in those with 'low' intakes, a higher proportion is present in the thyroid - see later posts) is in the thyroid, the other 60-80% is used in other cells all over the body, in a variety of very important ways. Iodine has very particular chemical / physical properties and may well have been fundamental in the development of life as outlined in the paper below by Professor Venturi, a leading and arguably under-recognised researcher in the field. (See link to his paper below)

Many people are arguably iodine insufficient due to a combination of low intake, iodine blocking foods, higher iodine utilisation, iodine blocking chemicals, and the inclusion in the diet of 'large' amounts of bromine and fluorine products which compete with iodine.

Western recommended intakes are much lower than recorded Japanese intakes. Current Japanese intake was reported to be about 1mg a day, and their parents ate more. Historically the Japanese had lower levels of many western conditions.

Iodine in the soil is deficient in many parts of the world, so you cannot count on getting it in your diet. Some Governments have recognised falling iodine intake is a serious health issue, for example in Australia they have restarted to iodise bread.

Iodine intakes have fallen significantly over the last 30 years, for a number of reasons. For example the intake / iodination of foods has fallen and iodine is no longer used to disinfect cattle milking systems / teats.

There are many factors in the modern lifestyle and diet that increase the requirement for iodine. Things that block iodine uptake and usage by the body are everywhere, for example fire retardants, and form an increasing part of our lives. Many of the healthy green vegetables such as brassica are goitregenic (iodine blocking). Industrial production and some rock based fertilizers introduce perchlorate into the food chain. Perchlorate is a strong iodine blocker.

Other chemicals of the same family as iodine, the halides, such as fluoride and bromide compete with iodine and block iodine usage and uptake. Our intakes of bromine and fluorine have significantly increased.

For example bromide is added to flour in some countries, and included in drinks. It is also used a a flame retardant. Bromide intake does significantly increase bromide in tissue. Sea foods do contain significant amounts of bromine but also contain iodine. Bromine has a role in some cells in the immune system. The problem seems to be the imbalance between iodine and bromine and ultimately lack of iodine.

Fluoride is added to water and toothpaste, and there is evidence it may protect young teeth, but does not seem to have much effect on adult teeth - but possibly at the cost of reducing the structural 'hardness' of the bone in teeth - does that include other bones I have no idea, but logically it might.

Most foods contain very little iodine. The primary source of iodine is marine foods. Seaweeds often contain from significant to very large amounts of iodine.

Iodine is concentrated by the breast and dairy foods are an important dietary iodine source, but many now avoid dairy products. The amount of iodine in the milk will reflect the amount in the pasture / and or feed - so cattle fed on deficient pastures will produce milk low in iodine.

Some fresh water plants provide a source of iodine and some cultures would burn them and eat the ash.

We are probably able to survive on relatively low iodine intakes on a 'natural' diet in an unpolluted world, and many peoples who had relatively limited access to iodine lived long health lives. These people may have relied on particular food sources to provide the minimum of iodine needed. People of the Andes carried and traded fish eggs far inland. Mountain people like the Georgians and Hunza ate dairy products. People in Africa are reported to have collected burnt and ate fresh water plants. In contrast some populations (2 billion or so people globally) are seriously iodine deficient with very serious health and potential developmental consequences, including lowered IQ.

Many western populations are also seriously iodine deficient. The problem today is a combination of changing diets that increase iodine need, dietary goitregens, chemical goitregens, and declining intake.

Iodine has many roles in the body and deficiency results in a wide range of health issues.

Everything in the body interlinks, for example selenium has particular importance in the metabolism of iodine, and in considering iodine intakes it is important not to loose sight of the whole picture. Omega 3 and 6 which also interact with iodine, which is where my interest started, and lead to me reading round the subject.

This passionate excellent and highly thought provoking video by a respected Doctor who has been working with iodine for a number of years deals with some of the items mentioned above in more detail, as well as setting out his clinical experience in using iodine to treat his patients. The video is iodine centric, and needs to be considered in a wider dietary context.

You may wish to start the video at 1 hour 24 minutes 05 seconds where Dr Brownstein talks about iodine and breast cancer.

Sadly research into iodine is limited presumably because it cannot be patented - one of the flaws of a purely financially driven economic model.

As usual please discuss dietary change with your doctor.


"Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life?

Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M.
Thyroid. 2000 Aug;10(8):727-9.

A new link to Dr Venturi's papers https://scholar.google.com/citations...z80AAAAJ&hl=en

and home page https://sites.google.com/site/iodinestudies/

Dr Venturi says in the paper “In conclusion, we believe that environmental iodine deficiency might be an important evolutionary factor of terrestrial life of vertebrates. ”



A must watch - excellent lectures from impassioned health professionals - the first (in green) video lecture I only found recently and is linked later in this thread; I have copied it here because it is more general in nature, by a woman, and probably a better lecture to start with. Dr Brownsteins is more specialist but equally fascinating



The main section on the implications of iodine for the breast may be the place to start to get you attention; it starts at about 4.10 and again at 36.36. Please bear with the controversial introduction on vaccines - I have not formed a view on this very complex topic of susceptibility or not, of possibly some infants, to consequences from multiple vaccination and how any such risk balances with wider gains, but do know that smallpox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox for example, a 'devastating' sometimes fatal condition has so far as is known been eradicated by a vaccine program http://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/ -.

Apparently the lecturer spent 10 years as a board certified female physician in ER, and her move into a more integrated medicine is based on a wide range of experiences. The lecture on iodine is very much research based.

"Dr. Sherry Tenpenny outlines the many disorders that come about because of iodine deficiency IAOMT 2007 L.V. This is a must see, especially for women that have problems with their thyroid or their breasts."
.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMjKmi12UX0


Iodine The Misunderstood Nutrient David Brownstein

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd34EJ5E3bI

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Thyroid disease and breast cancer - other past links on this site

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine


Nontoxic Goiter Tied to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine

Good source for seaweed?

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine

Is anyone discontinuing meds for hypothyroidism?

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine


Iodine & Breast Cancer

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine


iodine loading test for iodine deficiency; mistletoe

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine


Lugol's solution

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/sho...ghlight=iodine

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Just in case you missed the link above, or question that there is science behind this thread


Published in "THE BREAST" , Vol.10, Number 5, 2001, p 379-382,

IS THERE A ROLE FOR IODINE IN BREAST DISEASES?

Sebastiano Venturi, Servizio di Igiene, ASL n.1, Regione Marche; Pennabilli (Pesaro), Italy


http://www.alfablack.it/iodio/diseases.html
SUMMARY


It is hypothesized that dietary iodine deficiency is associated with the development of mammary pathology and cancer. A review of the literature on this correlation and of the author's own work on the antioxidant function of iodide in iodide-concentrating extrathyroidal cells is reported. Mammary gland embryogenetically derived from primitive iodide-concentrating ectoderma, and alveolar and ductular cells of the breast specialize in uptake and secretion of iodine in milk in order to supply offsprings with this important trace-element. Breast and thyroid share an important iodide-concentrating ability and an efficient peroxidase activity, which transfers electrons from iodides to the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide, forming iodoproteins and iodolipids, and so protects the cells from peroxidative damage. The mammary gland has only a temporary ability in concentrating iodides, almost exclusively during pregnancy and lactation, which are considered protective conditions against breast cancer.


INTRODUCTION

Iodine is the richest in electrons of the required elements in the animal diet. In humans the total amount of iodine is about 30-50 mg and about 60%-80 % of total iodine is non-hormonal and it is concentrated in extrathyroidal tissues, where its biological role is still unknown. We have recently hypothesized that iodide might have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating cells (1-5). In these cells iodide acts as an electron donor in the presence of H2O2 and peroxidase, and the remaining iodine atom readily iodinates tyrosine, histidine or certain specific lipids. In fact, iodine can add to double bonds of some polyunsaturated fatty acids of cellular membranes, making them less reactive to free oxygen radicals (6-7). Isolated cells of extrathyroidal tissues of mice could produce "in vitro" protein-bound mono-iodotyrosine, di-iodotyrosine and also other iodocompounds which seem to be iodolipids during chromatography (8). According to Cann et al. (9) iodolipids are present and active also in mammary cells.



IODINE AND BREAST ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

In the Mammal, iodide uptake has been demonstrated in various extrathyroidal tissues, including salivary gland, gastric mucosa, and the lactating mammary gland (10-11). Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the proteic transmembrane transporter of iodide. Cloning and molecular characterization of the human NIS have been recently performed. (12-13). The mammary gland has a high but temporary ability to concentrate iodides and to form iodocompounds (9,14) in alveolar and ductular cells by specific peroxidases (15), almost exclusively during pregnancy and lactation, which are considered protective conditions against breast cancer. In fact, during pregnancy and lactation, hormonal stimulation of the breast leads to glandular differentiation with dramatically enhanced iodine adsorption and organification (14). It is interesting to note that this iodine adsorption occurs in the same ductal epithelium (9, 16-17) where the majority of breast cancer arise. Lactoperoxidases, which are particularly active during pregnancy and lactation, organifies iodide in the breast. According to Eskin (18), iodine plays an important role in the maintenance of both normal thyroid and breast physiology. Recently, a second pathway for iodine organification has been described, which involves iodine incorporation into specific lipid molecules (polyunsaturated fatty acids). These iodolipids have been shown to be regulators of thyroid cells metabolism and proliferation. In particular 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (delta-iodolactone) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of thyroid cells proliferation (19-21) and according to Cann et al. (9) these iodolipids may also play a role in anti-proliferative control of breast tissue. Tazebay et al. (22) reported that expression of NIS in normal mammary tissues is stimulated by oxytocin, which is released during lactation. In ovariectomized rats, a combination of estrogen, oxytocin and prolactin (PRL) led to maximal NIS expression in mammary cells. But what role does iodide play in mammary cells? We may chronologically differentiate (2, 4-5) on the basis of the phylogenesis and embryogenesis two possible mechanisms of action of iodine: 1) the first is more ancient acting directly on mammary cells which embryologically originate from iodide-concentrating ectoderma and epidermis, with iodide in mammary cells acting probably as antioxidant. 2) the second mechanism of action is more modern, wit iodine acting indirectly via thyroid hormones and their specific nuclear receptors. Hormonal imbalances can cause dysfunction of mammary glands. Rat mammary gland is able to take up (via NIS) and organically bind radioiodide. Iodination was not detected in mammary glands from non-pregnant rats. Protein-containing vacuoles in alveolar cells and casein-like proteins in milk are the major sites where iodination occurred within the gland. Milk proteins in the lumens of ductules adjacent to alveoli are also iodinated. Endogenous mammary peroxidases correlate with the ability to iodinate. In contrast, ducts, myoepithelial cells, fat cells, blood vessels and other histological components of the gland did not show iodinating capability (15).


IODINE AND BREAST PATHOLOGY

Eskin (16) reported that iodine is a prerequisite for the normal development of breast tissue in higher vertebrates. When lacking, the parenchyma in rodents and humans show atypia, dysplasia, and even neoplasia; in fact breast tissues are more susceptible to carcinogen action. In iodide- deficient rats Strum (17) also reported that atrophy, necrosis and also areas of dysplasia and atypia take place in the mammary gland, which becomes highly sensitive to stimulation by oestradiol. In this way, oestradiol stimulates cell division and leads to the formation of alveoli with great quantities of lipid and protein droplets in large vacuoles which subsequently leads to the formation of cysts within the mammary gland. Eskin and coworkers (18, 23-26) reported a marked hyperplasia and papillomatosis of mammary ducts from rat given oestrogen in presence of disturbed thyroid-iodine metabolism and also a periductal fibrosis similar to that seen naturally in so-called fibrocystic disease of women. Dietary replacement therapy of iodine is able to improve these alterations in mammary tissue. Ghent et al. (27) reported that 70% of of women with fibrocystic breast disease orally treated with sodium iodide had clinical improvement in their breast disease. A decrease or loss of NIS expression may represent an early abnormality of thyroid (28) and breast (29) carcinogenesis rather than this occurring as a consequence of cancer progression. Statistical correlations between dietary iodine, thyroid diseases and breast cancer have been carried out by Ellerker (30), Stadel (31), Serra-Majem et al. (32), Smyth et al.(33) Giani et al.(34), Vassilopoulou- Sellin et al. (35) and Cann et al. (9). There is epidemiological evidence of the protective role against breast cancer of dietary fish (rich in iodine) (36-39) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in which specific double bonds are protected by iodine from peroxidation. (6-7). Japanese women who have the highest iodine intake (4-10 mg /daily / per person) have the lowest rate of breast cancer mortality in the world. In fact populations of Japan frequently eat a notable quantity of marine algae (seaweed), which are very rich in iodine (40-41), whereas RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of iodine is 150-200 micrograms per day. Recently, many researchers studied NIS in mammary gland. Tazebay et al. (22) reported that mammary NIS may be an essential breast cancer marker and that radioiodide should be studied as having a possible role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Kilbane et al. (42) demonstrated NIS expression in benign fibroadenomata and breast carcinoma, but total tissue iodine levels in benign tumours were significantly higher than those in breast cancers taken from either the tumor or morphologically normal tissue taken from within the tumour-bearing breast. Kogai et al. (43) reported that the NIS stimulates iodide uptake in normal lactating breast, but is not known to be active in nonlactating breast or breast cancer. Retinoic acid induces sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and radioiodide uptake in breast cancer cells. So, stimulation of radioiodide uptake after systemic retinoid treatment could be useful for diagnosis and treatment of some differentiated breast cancers. Rillema et al. (44) have shown that iodide accumulates in milk at higher concentration than in maternal plasma and that PRL enhances iodide accumulation in cultured mammary tissues, via stimulation of NIS. Cho et al. (45) suggested that iodine uptake and NIS expression in mammary gland are modulated by hormones involved in active lactation. NIS is clustered on the basolateral membrane of alveolar cells. The iodine uptake of lactating mammary gland is partially inhibited by treatment with a selective oxytocin antagonist or bromocriptine, an inhibitor of PRL release.

IODINE AND THYROID HORMONE IN THE THERAPY OF BREAST DISEASES

Beatson (46) reported adjuvant use of thyroid extract in some breast cancers in the "Lancet", as far back as 1896. Ghent et al. (26) reported that iodine treatment of women with benign breast disease caused a significant bilateral reduction in breast size, in addition to causing a remission of disease symptoms. Eskin and co-workers (47-48) showed a mammary tumor reduction in rats after iodine treatment. Some researchers found that the seaweed-supplemented diet (rich in iodine) is associated with an inhibition and delay in development of mammary cancer in rats (49-51). Funahashi et al. reported recently that both Japanese edible Wakame seaweed (52) and also a direct uptake of inorganic iodine (53) by tumor has experimentally a suppressive effect on DMBA-induced breast tumors growth in the rat. NIS expression is inversely related to undifferentiation, malignity and it is directly related to likelihoodof therapeutic effectiveness of radioiodine therapy. Recent studies reported that genetic characterisation and induction of the human NIS gene allows the development of novel gene therapy also for treatment of extrathyroidal and mammary malignancies (54). In fact, targeted expression of functional NIS in undifferentiated cancer cells would enable these cells to concentrate iodine and would therefore offer the possibility of radioiodine therapy (55-56). Boland et al. (57) propose to enlarge the therapeutic strategy to nonthyroid tumors by using an adenoviral vector to deliver the NIS gene into the tumor cells for a targeted radiotherapy.

In conclusion, the thyroid is not the only organ known to organify iodide and forming Iodocompounds. There is evidence for extrathyroidal iodide-concentrating organs, including the lactating breast and stomach. The knowledge of this iodinating ability and of the antioxidant and antitumour activity of iodide might be useful for helping to prevent breast cancer and also as a novel gene to allow radioiodine therapy to be given to patients with breast cancer (58). The extrathyroidal actions of iodide are an important new area for investigation.



REFERENCES

1. Venturi S, Venturi M. Does iodide in the gastric mucosa have an ancient antioxidant role ? IDD-Newsletter 1998; 14, 4 :61-2

2. Venturi S, Venturi M, Venturi M. Ruolo dello ioduro nella cancerogenesi dello stomaco e della mammella: un antico antiossidante?
Quad Oncol 1998; 8 :37-40

3. Venturi S, Venturi M . Iodide, thyroid and stomach carcinogenesis: evolutionary story of a primitive antioxidant ? Europ J Endocrinol 1999; 140, 4 :371-2 http://www.eje.org/eje/140/eje1400371.htm 4.

Venturi S, Donati FM ,Venturi M, Venturi A, Grossi L, Guidi A. Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach. Adv Clin Path 2000; 4,1:11-17

5. Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi M, Venturi A. Environmental Iodine Deficiency: A Challenge to the Evolution of Terrestrial Life? Thyroid 2000; 10, 8 :727-9

6. Cocchi M, Venturi S. Iodide, antioxidant function and omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: a new hypothesis of a biochemical cooperation? Prog Nutr 2000; 2 :15-19

7. Cocchi M, Venturi S. Selenium and Iodide: ancient antioxidants of cellular membranes? 7th Internat Symp on Selenium in Biology and Medicine. Venezia (Italy) Oct.1-5, 2000 Abstract P-88 :134

8. Banerjee RK, Bose AK, Chakraborty TK, De SK, Datta AG. Peroxidase-catalysed iodotyrosine formation in dispersed cells of mouse extrathyroidal tissues. J Endocrinol 1985; 106 2 :159-65

9. Cann SA, van Netten JP, van Netten C. Hypothesis: iodine, selenium and the development of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11(2):121-7

10. Ullberg S, Ewaldsson B. Distribution of radio-iodine studied by whole-body autoradiography. Acta Radiologica Therapy Physics Biology 1964; 2 :24-32

11. Bakheet SM, Hammami MM. Patterns of radioiodine uptake by the lactating breast. Europ J Nucl med 1994 ; 21 : 604-8.

12. Dai G, Levy O, Carrasco N. Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter. Nature. 1996 Feb 1; 379 (6564):458-60.

13. Smanik PA, Liu Q, Furminger TL, Ryu K, Xing S, Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Cloning of the human sodium lodide symporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Sep 13;226(2):339-45.

14. Shah NM. Iodoprotein formation by rat mammary glands during pregnancy and early postpartum period. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1986; 181 (3) :443-449

15. Strum JM. Site of iodination in rat mammary gland. Anat Rec 1978; 192 :235-244

16. Eskin BA. Iodine and mammary cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977; 91:293-304.

17. Strum JM. Effect of iodide-deficiency on rat mammary gland. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1979; 30 (2) :209-20

18. Eskin BA. Iodine metabolism and breast cancer. Trans N Y Acad Sci. 1970 Dec;32(8):911-47.

19. Dugrillon A. Iodolactones and iodoaldehydes mediators of iodine in thyroid autoregulation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1996;104 Suppl 4:41-5.

20. Gartner R, Dugrillon A, Bechtner G. Evidence that iodolactones are the mediators of growth inhibition by iodine on the thyroid. Acta Med Austriaca. 1996;23(1-2):47-51. Review.

21. Pisarev MA, Chazenbalk GD, Valsecchi RM, Burton G, Krawiec L, Monteagudo E, Juvenal GJ, Boado RJ, Chester HA. Thyroid autoregulation. Inhibition of goiter growth and of cyclic AMP formation in rat thyroid by iodinated derivatives of arachidonic acid. J Endocrinol Invest 1988 Oct;11(9):669-74.

22. Tazebay UH, Wapnir IL, Levy O, Dohan O, Zuckier LS, Zhao QH, Deng HF, Amenta PS, Fineberg S, Pestell RG, Carrasco N. The mammary gland iodide transporter is expressed during lactation and in breast cancer. Nature Med. 2000 Aug; 6(8):871-8.

23. Aquino TI, Eskin BA. Rat breast structure in altered iodine metabolism. Arch Pathol.1972 Oct; 94 (4):280-5.

24. Eskin BA, Shuman R, Krouse T, Merion JA. Rat mammary gland atypia produced by iodine blockade with perchhlorate. Cancer Res 1975; 35: 2332-9.

25. Eskin BA, Merion JA, Krouse TB, Shuman R. Blockade of breast iodine by perchlorate in estrogen deficiency. Monograph. 1976 Dec 1; 14 :625-9.

26. Eskin BA. Iodine and mammary cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977; 91:293-304.

27. Ghent WR, Eskin BA, Low DA, Lucius PH. Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of breast. Canad J Surg 1993; 36 :453-460.

28. Filetti S, Bidart JM, Arturi F, Caillou B, Russo D, Schlumberger M Sodium/iodide symporter: a key transport system in thyroid cancer cell metabolism.Eur J Endocrinol 1999 Nov; 141(5) :443-57.

29. Strum JM. Autoradiographic evidence of a loss of iodination within hormone-dependent GR mouse mammary tumors as they progress to independence. Anat Rec 1982;204 (4):323-32.

30. Ellerker AG. Breast cancer in hypothyroid subjects. Pro Roy Soc Med 1955; 48 :554-60.

31. Stadel BV. Dietary iodine and risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer. Lancet 1976; 24 :890-1

32. Serra-Majem LL, Tresserras R,Canela J, Salleras L . Dietary iodine deficiency and breast cancer mortality: an ecological study. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17 (3) :686-7.

33. Smyth PP. The thyroid and breast cancer: a significant association? Ann Med 1997; 29 :189-91

34. Giani C, Fierabracci P, Bonacci R, Gigliotti A, Campani D, De Negri F, Cecchetti D, Martino E, Pinchera A. Relationship between breast cancer and thyroid disease: relevance of autoimmune thyroid disorders in breast malignancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:990-4.

35. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Palmer L, Taylor S, Cooksley CS. Incidence of breast carcinoma in women with thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1999 Feb 1; 85(3):696-705.

36. Kaizer L, Boyd NF, Kriukov V, Tritchler D. Fish consumption and breast cancer risk: an ecological study. Nutr Cancer. 1989; 12(1):61-8.

37. Vatten LJ, Solvoll K, Loken EB. Frequency of meat and fish intake and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study of 14,500 Norwegian women. Int J Cancer. 1990 Jul 15 ;46(1):12-5.

38. Lund E, Bonaa KH. Reduced breast cancer mortality among fishermen's wives in Norway. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 May; 4(3):283-7.

39. Caygill CP, Charlett A, Hill MJ. Fat, fish, fish oil and cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996 Jul;74(1):159-64.

40. SuzuKi H, Higuchi T, Sawa K et al. Endemic coast goitre in Hokkaido. Japan Acta Endocr 1965;50: 161-70.

41. Konno N, Yuri K, Miura K, Kumagai M, Murakami S. Clinical evaluation of the iodide/creatinine ratio of casual urine samples as an index of daily iodide excretion in a population study. Endocr J. 1993 Feb;40(1):163-9.

42. Kilbane MT, Ajjan RA, Weetman AP, Dwyer R, McDermott EW, O'Higgins NJ, Smyth PP. Tissue iodine content and serum-mediated 125I uptake-blocking activity in breast cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 Mar; 85(3):1245-50.

43. Kogai T, Schultz JJ, Johnson LS, Huang M, Brent GA. Retinoic acid induces sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and radioiodide uptake in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8519-24.

44. Rillema JA, Yu TX, Jhiang SM. Effect of prolactin on sodium iodide symporter expression in mouse mammary gland explants. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;279(4):E769-E772.

45. Cho JY, Leveille R, Kao R, Rousset B, Parlow AF, Burak WE Jr, Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Hormonal regulation of radioiodide uptake activity and Na+/I- symporter expression in mammary glands. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug; 85(8):2936-43.

46. Beatson GT. Adjuvant use of thyroid extract in breast cancer. Lancet 1896; 104 2 :164

47. Eskin BA, Connelly CP, Grotkowski CE, Ghent WR. Tumor reduction in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis with iodine treatment. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1992; 33 Al 682.

48. Eskin BA. Dinamic effects of iodine therapy on breast cancer and the thyroid. Proc Int Thyr Symp 1996; 6 :192-7.

49. Teas J, Harbison ML and Gelman RS. Dietary Seaweed (Laminaria) and Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats. Cancer Research 1984; 44 :2758-2762.

50. Yamamoto I, Maruyama H and Moriguchi M. The Effect of Dietary Seaweeds on 7,12- Dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in Rats. Cancer Letters 1987; 35: 109-118.

51. Maruyama H, Watanabe K and Yamamoto I. Effect of Dietary Kelp on Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Livers of Rats Given Breast Carcinogen DMBA. Nutr Cancer 1991; 15, 221-228.

52. Funahashi H, Imai T, Tanaka Y, Tsukamura K, Hayakawa Y et al. Wakame seaweed suppreses the proliferation of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)-antracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90, :922-927.

53. Funahashi H, Imai T, Tanaka Y, Tobinaga J, Wada M, Morita T et al. Suppressive effect of iodine on DMBA-induced breast tumor growth in the rat . J Surg Oncol 1996; 61, 3 :209-13.

[ 53a.] Funahashi H et al. Seaweed Prevents Breast Cancer ? Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 92, 483-487, 2001

54. Spitzweg C, Joba W, Eisenmenger W, Heufelder AE. Analysis of human sodium iodide symporter gene expression in extrathyroidal tissues and cloning of its complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from salivary gland, mammary gland, and gastric mucosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83, 5 :1746-51.

55. Shimura H, Haraguchi K, Miyazaki A, Endo T, Onaya T. Iodide uptake and experimental 131I therapy in transplanted undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells expressing the Na+/I-symporter gene. Endocrinology 1997 Oct;138 (10) :4493-6.

56. Mandell RB, Mandell LZ, Link CJ Jr. Radioisotope concentrator gene therapy using the sodium/iodide symporter gene. Cancer Res 1999 Feb 1; 59(3):661-8.

57. Boland A, Ricard M, Opolon P, Bidart JM, Yeh P, Filetti S, Schlumberger M, Perricaudet M. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the thyroid sodium/iodide symporter gene into tumors for a targeted radiotherapy. Cancer Res 2000 Jul 1; 60(13):3484-92.

58. Daniels GH, Haber DA. Will radioiodine be useful in treatment of breast cancer? Nature Med 2000 Aug; 6 (8) :859-60.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

If you have got this far without getting a numb brain or falling asleep (-: some information on bromides

http://www.breastcancerchoices.org/b...ncetheory.html

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

This site has lots of info on iodine, and Dr Flechas seems to be particularly well informed.

His radio broadcast is fascinating.


These old links no longer work; I will try and track new ones down

Found it; :)

They can be found on this page http://iodineresearch.com/hormones.html

Just to be clear in respect to the reference to miconized gold at the end of the interview I know nothing about the metabolism of gold in the body or brain, and cannot find any research into it. I have since found this http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chri...oidal_gold.htm As they say - more research needed.

In contrast there is research into iodine, and several doctors report benefits from looking at patients iodine levels.

I believe that pharmaceutical industry has an important role to play and has made some wondrous discoveries; However I do agree that more emphasis should be put on making sure we get the nutrients we need, and greater awareness of the effects of food processing at a biological level and the potential dangers they pose on an additive basis (e.g. each effect individually may not be a problem but taken in a wider context of the basket of changes are detrimental to health) is needed. Western conditions were virtually unknown in historic non westernised tribal populations prior to the introduction of western foods, but they did suffer from all sort of conditions caused by external agents which modern medicine has learned how to mitigate.




"Iodine

Flechas JD

MP3 audio -- 50 minutes (takes a while to download)

RadioLiberty.com January 26, 2007.



In this 50-minute radio presentation (mp3 audio), Flechas covers roughly the same issues as in the earlier 2-hour presentation (see below). There are a few additional ideas, however, that I would like to mention.



Sweating and Breast Cancer. In the earlier tape, he mentions that iodine is necessary to sweat. Here he mentions that lack of sweating may precede breast cancer.



Bromide and Cancer. Increased levels of bromide contribute to cancer.



Cancer and Iodine. The following cancers are associated with goiter and iodine deficiency: breast, thyroid, endometrium, esophageal, ovarian, stomach.



Hormone Receptors. The receptors for almost every major hormone and neurotransmitter need iodine in order to function efficiently -- thyroid hormones, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, and more. The single iodide that is removed in transforming T4 to T3 can join receptors and increase their sensitivity.



Thyroid Hormones and Breast Cancer. Supplemental Thyroid Hormones are not benign. They double the risk of breast cancer, and that risk increases over time.



Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Absorption. Supplemental Thyroid Hormones inhibit the ability of the body to absorb iodine, thus increasing breast cancer risk.



Iodine and Lipids. Iodine keeps the fats and lipids in the body from getting oxidized. This is one of Iodine's most important functions. 70% of the body iodine is found in muscles and fat (vs. 3% in the thyroid)."

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Thanks rb for taking the time and effort to raise our awareness.
When I was diagnosed I took kelp supps to increase my iodine levels. Since then I have lapsed a bit. I only have small amounts of dairy and earlier this year was diagnosed with osteoporosis. My oncologist amongst other things suggested eating seaweed for the calcium and iodine content so we'll see how it goes.
Ellie

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Thanks R.B.

In the last year or so I developed terrible breast pain in the remaining breast. I checked with Dr. Google and decided to try Kelp with iodine. The pain went away and I didn't think anything about it. I finished the bottle of Kelp and forgot about ordering a replacement. The breast pain came back and it was so bad I was in the store looking for Kelp supplements ASAP.

I mentioned it to the doctor and he sent me to Breast Health. The nurse prescribed Vitamin B1, B6 and E - but was not familiar with iodine. It was on the list she gave me for mastalgia.

Then I remembered that a few months before the pain started San Diego started adding fluoride to the water. I've made an effort to purchase bottle water such as Penta or Evian to avoid the fluoride.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

The breast has specific 'transporters' to concentrate iodine - probably in part to supply iodine in breast milk, and it part because a type of cells in the breast which line the ducts - epithelial cells - appear to use iodine and or iodide.

It appears that cancer cells have a higher iodine and or iodide requirement, and the sodium iodide importer is over expressed in cancer cells including particularly ER positive cases.

They are looking at this as a mechanism to direct radioactive iodine/iodide to cells, but it begs the what would be the effect of higher intakes of iodine/iodide on cancer growths.

The article in the post below suggest some have looked at the effect of iodine on tumors, and the results were interesting

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544659/

Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysis Reveals Association between Sodium Iodide Symporter and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer.
Chatterjee S, Malhotra R, Varghese F, Bukhari AB, Patil A, Budrukkar A, Parmar V, Gupta S, De A.
Source

Functional Molecular Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:

Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene over-expression is under active consideration worldwide as an alternative target molecule for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and targeted radio-iodine treatment. However, the field demands better stratified analysis of endogenous hNIS expression across major BC subtypes. Therefore, we have analyzed subtype-specific variation of hNIS overexpression in breast tumor tissue samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and also report the development of a homogeneous, quantitative analysis method of digital IHC images.
METHODS:

hNIS expression was analyzed from 108 BC tissue samples by IHC. Sub-cellular localization of hNIS protein was analyzed by dual immunofluorescence (IF) staining method using hNIS and HER2 antibodies. An ImageJ based two-step digital analysis method was developed and applied for the bias-free analysis of the images.
RESULTS:

Staining of the tumor samples show 70% cases are hNIS positive indicating high incidence of hNIS positive cases in BC. More importantly, a subtype specific analysis done for the first time shows that hNIS expression is overly dominated in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases than the receptor negative cases. Further, 56% of the ER+ve, PgR+ve, HER2-ve and 36% of ER+ve, PgR+ve, HER2+ve cases show highest intensity staining equivalent to the thyroid tissue. A significant positive correlation is also observed between hNIS and estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.0033, CI = 95%) suggesting hNIS mediated targeted radio-iodine therapy procedures may benefit both ER+ve, PgR+ve, HER2-ve as well as HER2+ve cases. Further, in a few cases, hNIS and HER2 protein localization is demonstrated by overlapping membrane co-expression. ImageJ based image analysis method shows over 70% match with manual pathological scoring method.
CONCLUSION:

The study indicates a positive link between hNIS and ER expression in BC. The quantitative IHC image analysis method reported here will further help in patient stratification and potentially benefit global clinical assessment where hNIS mediated targeted (131)I radio-ablative therapy is aimed.


The potential of iodine for improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Altman MB, Flynn MJ, Nishikawa RM, Chetty IJ, Barton KN, Movsas B, Kim JH, Brown SL.
Source

Henry Ford Health System, Department of Radiation Oncology, 2799 W. Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, USA. maltman@radonc.wustl.edu
Abstract

Early detection through modalities such as mammography remains pivotal in the fight against breast cancer. The detectability of breast cancer through mammography is rooted in the differential X-ray attenuation properties of cancerous and normal breast tissue. An unexplored component of the X-ray contrast between fibrous breast tissue and similarly composed tumor tissue is the presence of naturally localized iodine in the cancer but not healthy breast tissue. It is hypothesized that differing amounts of iodine are present in tumor versus normal breast tissue that leads to more easily detectable cancer due to an increased Z value of the tumor tissue relative to the healthy tissue, which results in enhanced differences in X-ray attenuation properties between the two tissues and thus greater radiographic contrast. The hypothesis is supported by experimental observations explaining how iodine could localize in the tumor tissue but not surrounding healthy tissue. Breast cancer cells express the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), an ion pump which sequesters iodine in tumor cells. Healthy non-lactating breast tissue, in contrast, does not express NIS. Further evidence for the differential expression of NIS resulting in X-ray contrast enhancement in breast cancer is the established correlation between expression of insulin growth factor (IGF) and enhanced X-ray contrast, and the evidence that IGF is a promoter for NIS. Ultimately, if the expression of iodine can be shown to be a component of radiographic contrast between healthy and tumor breast tissue, this could be used to drive the development of new technology and techniques for use in the detection and treatment of breast cancer. The proof of this hypothesis could thus have a substantial impact in the fight against breast cancer.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

http://iodine4health.com/research/ca...ast_cancer.pdf

"Hypothesis: Iodine, selenium and the development of breast cancer"


"Recent work with animal systems seems to support an antitumor e€ect for iodine. In dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in rats, iodine supplementation has been shown to have a suppressive e€ect on the development of this disease [32]. This suppressive activity was enhanced when iodine treatment was combined with progesterone (medroxy-progesterone acetate) [33]. The suppressed tumors were found to have a signi®cantly higher mean iodine content than nonsuppressed tumors, with uptake apparently enhanced by progesterone [33]. The enhancement of iodine uptake by progesterone has been observed in other hormone-dependent tissues including the uterus and oviduct [34]. We are presently initiating an analogous study in patients with metastatic breast cancer, in which subjects will take iodine supplements in combination with conventional progestin treatment [9]."

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

An abstract from 1976 !


DIETARY IODINE AND RISK OF BREAST, ENDOMETRIAL, AND OVARIAN CANCER
The Lancet, Volume 307, Issue 7965, Pages 890-891
BruceV. Stadel


Abstract

Geographic differences in the rates of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer appear to be inversely correlated with dietary iodine intake. Endocrinological considerations suggest that a low dietary iodine intake may produce a state of increased effective gonadotrophin stimulation, which in turn may produce a hyperœstrogenic state characterised by relatively high production of œstrone and œstradiol and a relatively low œstriol to œstrone plus œstradiol ratio. This altered endocrine state may increase the risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Increasing dietary iodine intake may reduce the risk of these cancers.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

And one from 1970. Apparently there has not been the amount of new research into iodine in the last 30-40 years one might have expected: iodine / iodide cannot be patented so has limited income potential, which poses a significant question - how as a society do we fund important research into fundamental questions of biology which are unlikely to yield financial reward ?


For I in the paper below insert iodine /iodide


http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/1....20-5-ga6ad01a


Document details

Title
Iodine metabolism and breast cancer.
Authors
Eskin, B. A.
Journal
Transactions N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1970 Vol. 32 No. 8 pp. 911-947
Record Number
19710404644

Abstract

Experiments in virgin Sprague-Dawley rats show that I deficiency, particularly in the presence of sex steroids causes mammary hyperplasia. The mammary effects of dietary I lack are noticable after 6 wk. The I deficiency causes earlier onset of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumours and prevents the therapeutic effect of oestrogen on carcinogenesis. In mammary dysplasias caused by I lack, the uptake of I by mammary tissue increases and the DNA and RNA contents increase. Thyroid stimulating hormone seems to be involved in control of I metabolism directly at the mammary level. I replacement prevents mammary dysplasias or once established the dysplasia is improved by chronic I therapy. In man, demographic studies indicate a correlation between areas of increased breast cancer and areas with endemic goitre. Clinical studies using mammography and thermography show that carcino-matous breast lesions can be improved with adequate thyroid or I treatment but that oestrogen treatment may have an adverse effect. GSK.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Full article abstract below PDF free http://iodine4health.com/research/ca...ast_cancer.pdf which includes this thought provoking statement


"In estradiol-treated rats, iodine deficiency has been shown to lead to pathological changes similar to those seen in benign breast disease ± cystic changes, periductal fibrosis and lobular hyperplasia [19, 20]. Conversely, dietary iodine reintroduction has been shown to reverse these pathological changes [20]. Thus, iodine deficiency appears to enhance mammary- tissue sensitivity to estrogen. In humans, several
studies have shown that iodine-containing desiccated thyroid [21] or thyroxine (T4) [22, 23] were e€effective in reducing mastalgia as well as other symptoms of benign breast disease [21, 22]. Iodine supplementation has also been examined in women with this disease.
One of the first studies, by Vishnyakova and Muravieva [24], reported a beneficial e€ffect in 71.7% of patients. More recently a large clinical trial was conducted which found that iodine supplementation significantly reduced the prevalence of breast cysts, fibrous tissue plaques and breast pain [25] ± thus demonstrating that this precursor disease may be treatable through dietary modifications. Further clinical studies are now being conducted to confirm these observations."


Seaweed Prevents Breast Cancer?

Hiroomi Funahashi1,*,
Tsuneo Imai1,
Takahiro Mase1,
Masanori Sekiya1,
Kazuki Yokoi1,
Hiromichi Hayashi1,
Arihiro Shibata1,
Takako Hayashi1,
Mikiko Nishikawa1,
Namiko Suda1,
Yatsuka Hibi1,
Yutaka Mizuno1,
Kyosuke Tsukamura1,
Akemi Hayakawa2,
Seiichi Tanuma3

Article first published online: 22 AUG 2005


DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01119.x

Keywords:

Breast cancer;
Chemoprevention;
Mekabu (seaweed);
Apoptosis

To investigate the chemopreventive effects of seaweed on breast cancer, we have been studying the relationship between iodine and breast cancer. We found earlier that the seaweed, wakame, showed a suppressive effect on the proliferation of DMBA (dimethylbenz(a)anthracene)-induced rat mammary tumors, possibly via apoptosis induction. In the present study, powdered mekabu was placed in distilled water, and left to stand for 24 h at 4°C. The filtered supernatant was used as mekabu solution. It showed an extremely strong suppressive effect on rat mammary carcinogenesis when used in daily drinking water, without toxicity. In vitro, mekabu solution strongly induced apoptosis in 3 kinds of human breast cancer cells. These effects were stronger than those of a chemothera-peutic agent widely used to treat human breast cancer. Furthermore, no apoptosis induction was observed in normal human mammary cells. In Japan, mekabu is widely consumed as a safe, inexpensive food. Our results suggest that mekabu has potential for chemoprevention of human breast

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Commentary
The thyroid, iodine and breast cancer
Peter PA Smyth
Endocrine laboratory, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, Ireland
Correspondence: Peter PA Smyth (e-mail: ppa.smyth@ucd.ie)
Published: 29 July 2003
Breast Cancer Res 2003, 5:235-238 (DOI 10.1186/bcr638)
© 2003 BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-5411; Online ISSN 1465-542X)

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/bcr638.pdf

Abstract
A renewal of the search for a link between breast cancer and thyroid disease has once again demonstrated an increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with breast cancer.
This is the most recent of many studies showing an association between a variety of thyroid disorders and breast cancer. Such an association is not surprising as both diseases are female predominant with a similar postmenopausal peak incidence. The significance of the presence of thyroid autoantibodies, particularly thyroid peroxidase antibodies, in serum from patients with breast cancer is unknown, but it has been suggested that antibody positivity is associated with better prognosis. One area in which thyroid and breast functions overlap is in the uptake and utilization of dietary iodide. Experimental findings showing the ability of iodine or iodine-rich seaweed to inhibit breast tumour development is supported by the relatively low rate of breast cancer in Japanese women who consume a diet containing iodine-rich seaweed. However, there is as yet no direct evidence that iodine, iodinated compounds, or a combination of iodine and selenium is the antimammary carcinogenic element in the Japanese diet. It remains to be resolved whether the perceived breast cancer–thyroid disease relationship is thyroid or iodine related or, in the case of thyroid autoantibodies, is the consequence of an immune response to the carcinoma. Is this response breast specific and does it relate to iodine status? These and many other questions await resolution before a definitive role in the natural history of breast carcinoma can be assigned to the thyroid.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

I have recently attended a governmental seminar on school food, to which I have made a submission highlighting the need for dietary guidance on iodine and vitamin D, and hence the posts here and on the vitamin D thread.

Today's adolescent females will one day be a future generation of breast cancer cases.

The frightening level of deficiency observed has potential likely medical consequences in terms of them being at greater risk for a range of conditions including arguably breast cancer, fibrosis and mastalga, as well as a range of developmental and future reproductive conditions, which is a disaster for the individual and has wider societal implications in terms of the increasing pressures on healthcare generally.

The sad reality is that these risk are entirely and inexpensively preventable through education as to dietary needs, food sources rich in iodine (not many viz only marine products and seaweed) and or the obligatory inclusion of iodine rich food in school food, for example fortified bread



http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/226988.php
68% of 14-15 year old girls in UK iodine deficient - health risk for them and their future offspring


The Lancet, Volume 377, Issue 9782, Pages 2007 - 2012, 11 June 2011
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60693-4

Iodine status of UK schoolgirls: a cross-sectional survey.

Department of Endocrinology, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK.

Vanderpump MP, Lazarus JH, Smyth PP, Laurberg P, Holder RL, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA, British Thyroid Association UK Iodine Survey Group

Lancet. 2011;377(9782):2007.

BACKGROUND: Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. It is defined by WHO as mild if the population median urinary iodine excretion is 50-99μg/L, moderate if 20-49μg/L, and severe if less than 20μg/L. No contemporary data are available for the UK, which has no programme of food or salt iodination. We aimed to assess the current iodine status of the UK population.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, we systematically assessed iodine status in schoolgirls aged 14-15 years attending secondary school in nine UK centres. Urinary iodine concentrations and tap water iodine concentrations were measured in June-July, 2009, and November-December, 2009. Ethnic origin, postcode, and a validated diet questionnaire assessing sources of iodine were recorded.
FINDINGS: 810 participants provided 737 urine samples. Data for dietary habits and iodine status were available for 664 participants. Median urinary iodine excretion was 80·1μg/L (IQR 56·9-109·0). Urinary iodine measurements indicative of mild iodine deficiency were present in 51% (n=379) of participants, moderate deficiency in 16% (n=120), and severe deficiency in 1% (n=8). Prevalence of iodine deficiency was highest in Belfast (85%, n=135). Tap water iodine concentrations were low or undetectable and were not positively associated with urinary iodine concentrations. Multivariable general linear model analysis confirmed independent associations between low urinary iodine excretion and sampling in summer (p<0·0001), UK geographical location (p<0·0001), low intake of milk (p=0·03), and high intake of eggs (p=0·02).
INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that the UK is iodine deficient. Since developing fetuses are the most susceptible to adverse effects of iodine deficiency and even mild perturbations of maternal and fetal thyroid function have an effect on neurodevelopment, these findings are of potential major public health importance. This study has drawn attention to an urgent need for a comprehensive investigation of UK iodine status and implementation of evidence-based recommendations for iodine supplementation.
FUNDING: Clinical Endocrinology Trust.
AD

mark.vanderpump@nhs.net
PMID
21640375

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

R.B.

Are you reading IODINE, Why you need it, Why you can't live without it by David Brownstein, MD?

On page 45 of the 4th edition:

Quote:

Diets that cause Iodine Deficiency 1. Diets without ocean fish or sea vegetables 2. Inadequate use of iodized salt including low sodium diets 3. Diets high in the consumption of bakery products (e.g. breads, pastas) which contain bromide 4. Vegan and vegetarian diets

It is an interesting book.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Honestly, if I was a kid (and since I never grew up) . . .


ocean fish, sea vegetables, and just ordinary vegetables are a tough sell.

Bread and Pizza dough conditioned with iodine might be the most effective way to get kids to eat it (and they won't know its better for them . . . shhh . . .

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Just over here taking my Kelp and Vitamin D . . .

eating Sushi, and seaweed salad and wild caught salmon

cabbage, broccoli, kale, spinach

chocolate, coffee & red wine

Hopefully, I haven't missed anything :)

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

R.B.

I suspected you were going to come back and point out that the broccoli, kale etc were brassicas. I was aware they had a goitrogenic effect. The folks in the ENERGY study like to demo meals with Kale (and Salmon). It feel obligated to eat it.

An acupuncturist told me that I should cook all my vegetables, not to eat them raw, and it would help me to lose weight. I just accepted it as part of the TCM 8 Principles theory (hot vs cold, excess vs deficient). Now you helped me see the western principle of reducing the goitrogen effect by cooking.

I have never thought of fruits as goitrogens. I stopped using canola oil and switched to olive oil or grape seed oil.

I appreciate the information about the LDL/iodine connection. I'm not familiar and am reading about it with great interest. My new PCM is very focused on lowering cholesterol, and LDLs. I would prefer to use diet to correct health problems. But it is also difficult to decide what to eat or drink. The most effective “diet” I ever did was Michael Thurman’s. I find when I eat grains, breads, pastas – the weight goes on. Lean meats and steamed veggies – the weight comes off.

Until the city added fluoride to the water and a few months later I developed alarming pain in the other breast I didn't pay much attention to iodine. Taking the kelp was a shot in the dark that paid off big time. Thanks heavens for Dr. Google. I take about 225 mcg of iodine daily from an Icelandic Kelp supplement.

Every few years my doctors had run a test for the thyroid and everything was within their norms. I take that as a sign that I was likely deficient in iodine. The Breast Health clinic checked B vitamin levels, but was not familiar with checking iodine levels for mastalgia.

I suppose I should add some ocean wild caught fish to the shopping list . . .

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

R.B.

Could you translate porridge - is that oatmeal?

The benefit of grape seed oil is that is tolerates cooking temperatures better than olive oil. Health wise Omega 6s? Bummer.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

This is an excellent lecture from an impassioned health professional.

The main section on the implications of iodine for the breast may be the place to start to get you attention; it starts at about 4.10 and again at 36.36.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMjKmi12UX0

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

I seem to find such relevant topics on this site when I am having problems.

I have posted a thread about a contrast dye called Gastrografin about a month ago. I was wondering whether I should drink the solution because I would be "off" for at least a month after a scan, with skin peeling off my hands, tiredness, shakiness, and blood pressure fluctuations. I try to be conscious of what I am ingesting dietary-wise and have known unofficially (by doctors in the non-conventional world) that I have an adrenal issue. Well, my last scan showed a met to the adrenal gland (have posted in another thread about that). I've also noticed my hair, which has just grown back for the second time, is thinning, and there is more in my brush. Now I have found this information http://www.drugs.com/pro/gastrografin.html#s8-it can cause thyroid problems. I am hardly ever tested to see if my electrolytes are balanced-they just check my creatine- and have been on a bone-remodelling pill or bisphosphonate for almost two years-also hard on the kidneys.

I didn't think I was metabolizing the bone-remodelling pills properly and my liver function tests were rising (although my doctors seemed to think that was okay) so asked to have Pamidronate, an IV form, which they gave to me over 1 1/2 hours;protocol is 1 hour but I requested to have it longer because things are such a jolt to my system. I had at least asked for hydration beforehand and felt okay when I went home. The next day, though, I felt like I had been hit by a truck-I could barely move, I felt very thirsty, and VERY anxious and holding my breath all the time. The next day I had a fever. This was two weeks before my scan.

I have also been having my Herceptin infusions in between all this. Last year I landed in the hospital for three days after my first chemo and my next Docetaxel/Herceptin was one week later. They pushed the Herceptin through in 30 min and I had heart palpitations and was given oxygen and steroids, so it was put in my file for me to have Herceptin over one hour but I've still been tired for at least a few days afterward. I have known, through saliva testing, that my low period is from 12-4 in the afternoon so I have asked to have my Herceptin in the morning when I have more energy, but have been told that chemo infusions are more in the morning so I have my treatments in the afternoon around 1 or 1:30. Not anymore, now that they can see I have an adrenal problem my request for 10 a.m. has been granted, although the next one is for 11 a.m.

I often wonder if treatments that are given weekly are more effective because they are at a lower dose and probably the patient is given hydration more regularly, so it is easier on their bodies than every 3 weeks.

In light of what has been happening to my body lately and things being slammed through it at a protocol rate instead of an individual rate, I have delayed my last Pamidronate. I am so angry that we (especially stage IV) are having scan materials that are decimating our adrenals and thyroid and having treatments that our bodies cannot process at the minimum infusion rate. We need these treatments given over the longest possible time to enable our bodies to heal and adjust. How many women are being given treatment after treatment without any regard to protecting our bodies with patience and monitoring. I wish I didn't feel like a protocol, standard of care or time in the chair. I am also not going to ingest that contrast solution anymore-I have had 6 bone/CT scans in the last 2 years.

I'm sure doctors really do care for us and are doing the best they can with the evidence they have, but we are individuals and these methods are affecting our hormones immensely. (dexamethosone is a great one on blood sugar) We are also just one patient in their huge caseload.

I believe that if the conventional medical community doesn't recognize the physical, mental and environmental stresses that are being imposed on our bodies before we are diagnosed and additional stresses during our treatments that are affecting our adrenals, thyroid, and many other hormones, as well as damaging our organs, then a cure will not be found. It is a vicious cycle-stress in some form, I believe, causes the cancer, and ongoing treatments continue the bombardment. We need the treatments, but there has to be more aid by monitoring in terms of diet, lifestyle changes, supplementation, stress reduction to help rebuild our systems. Add to this the fact that we all metabolize in different ways but all basically all given the same dosage for Tamoxifen, Letrozole, and other meds. We are INDIVIDUALS!

Anyway, rant is almost over. What do I do now? Do I take iodine, or have I had an iodine overload from the Gastrografin? My thyroid function hasn't been checked for months, and one pharmacist said to have my T3 and T4 levels checked, but they only did the T3 if that's okay, the T4 isn't run-something like, that, the lab tech explained it to me, a way of the government cutting costs. The same thing with vitamin D testing-it was costing the government too much money so now we have to pay for it ourselves.

Sorry, I should have put this in a separate thread, maybe, but there are parts of my post that pertain to this thread. I'm trying to get ready to meet with a new onc in the larger centre (my regular one is on a research sabbatical) and I feel like I'm getting ready for a court case with my binder, printed out info on studes and from this site, and questions. I don't know what will be recommended for the adrenal met-as usual, I am unusual in terms of my recurrences.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

CarolineC,

I hear your pain. I have always believed the worst thing about cancer (until the very, very advanced stages) is the treatments. Hence, my enthusiastic sharing of clinical trial information.

Gastrografin - I saw your post, and was a bit nervous about having it for my MRI. The lab tested my GFR and if I remember correctly it was 89. I don't see any information about your GFR - was it tested? I did not have issue with the Gastrografin thankfully.

From you posting I see both issues with kidneys, and the liver. Even a lay person can understand that your body has difficulty processing and eliminating toxins and waste products.

What I hear is your frustration with the medical team - but you need to set a boundary on what you accept as a patient. You are paying for a service, and you wouldn't pay for shoddy service in a shop or restaurant, right? Insist on longer infusion times, and hydration if this is what helps you tolerate the treatment. Be polite, but firm. This is what I need, thank you.

I had a very easy going oncologist (the 2nd one, fired the first). He was totally okay with weekly Herceptin. I popped in on Saturday mornings for the infusions and the side effects were minimal.

In Asian healing, thinning hair plus anxiety/fear is a sign of issues with the kidney meridian (which includes more than just the organ), and anger/frustration points to the health of the liver meridian. If you have a chance to try some acupuncture treatments you might find some relief. If you don't like needles try acupressure.

I would not personally just supplement with your medical history. I would seek out the advice of a ND, or at a very minimum try testing for your iodine levels.

With the burden that has been put on your body with the tests and treatments you need to eliminate as many sources of toxins/pesticides/hormones. Now is a good time to eat organic, get plenty of nutrient dense foods, fiber. Water without fluoride, chloride, etc - Penta water is filtered 11 times. Get plenty of fresh air and sunshine. Meditate and feed your mind and emotions positive experiences.

You have more control over your experience then you think. Take charge and communicate. I had the same issues and would get mad at my medical team over how I was being treated. It didn't do me any good, and just made things awkward. Polite, but firm, this is what I need, with a smile.

I understand there are many problems with the mindset of our current medical community. You are completely right, they have not grasped the concept of the INDIVIDUAL. I can't tell you have many times I've heard that statistics show . . . but I'm in the minority with you - my body doesn't metabolize medicines well. I have an allergy list a mile long.

You are always welcome to vent to us - we get it. The frustrations are there. Just keep your eye on the goal, regaining the most health that you can. You deserve it!

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

^Ooooooch CarolineC; Please feel free to rant :) ; each one of these is a mini rant on my part because in outline this is all basic essential wisdom of life that we should learn in school onwards . . .


Cooking of goitrogenic foods

It is often suggested that cooking reduces the goitrogenic effects of foods, and I have seen that stated often and unwisely assumed it to be true: as often the case, the science suggests things are not that simple.

The papers here would suggest the reality is that some foods retain at least some of their effect even in those that have an 'adequate' iodine or were given extra iodine, and that in some instances the goitrogenic effect may even be stronger after cooking; and more scarily that some have very powerful goitrogenic effect in even the likely well nourished.

This abstract suggests we cannot afford to simply ignore goitrogenic effects of foods; unfortunately much more research is as ever needed. Clearly what is reported below may be a particular property of pickled soy, but it does make the point, and maybe explain why it is generally reported that traditional soy foods are generally fermented, which I have often read reduces the goitrogens in soy (but not seen any papers), but others suggest fermentation does not reduce the goitrogenic content (and I still have not found any papers).

"The most powerful evidence of soy's adverse effects on the adult thyroid emerged from a study carried out at the Ishizuki Thyroid Clinic in Japan. Dr. Yoshimochi Ishizuki of Aichi Medical University demonstrated that 30 grams of pickled soybeans per day, given to healthy adult men and women, induced thyroid disruptions in only 30 days. All subjects consumed seaweed daily to
ensure adequate iodine intake." (p 320)

"Soy eaters are at risk for thyroid damage not only because of the goitrogens in soy but also because phytates contribute to zinc deficiency and an "anti-vitamin factor" results in greater needs of the body for vitamin B-12." (pp 322-3)"

http://iodineresearch.com/goitrogens_food_pg1.html

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

R.B.

Are you looking in my pantry?

I've been taking Lecithin for years, so that is another goitrogen? If I stop taking it my heart rate elevates to tachycardia. I've been trying DMAE to alternate. Is there a better supplement of choline, more than food sources? Or a better way to supplement to increase acetylcholine?

I have been very lazy about supplements lately. I mostly take CoQ10, Lecithin, Kelp and Chromium Picolinate.

I am supposed to be taking a prescription for B1, B6 and Vitamin E - but I've been forgetting to do this. Back to the pantry . . .

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Nitrates

Another suggestion that I had seen was that nitrate was a 'goitrogen' (used here and elsewhere in the loose sense that it affects thyroid function by inhibiting iodine metabolism in some way).

It appears they are likely goitrogens - and of particular significance in part because they are found in drinking water and so effect large parts of the population.

Logically the effect will be additive or maybe multiply goitrogenic effects of chlorination and fluoridation of water.

Nitrates are also used as food preservatives.

Not to forget organochlorines, and how little we know about the downstream effect of disinfecting foods with chlorine based products, (all those bagged salads, packaged veg fruit etc)

Then we have new foods such as soy products . . . to add to the foods we have long eaten which are goitrogens.

In moderation none of which individually would probably for most be a problem of significance for those with adequate iodine intake, but combined . . .

Disease by a thousand cuts it appears!

Our best intentioned additions to water and foods in our war against bacteria (which does not differentiate between friend and foe) may have tipped the balance all of which argues for a likely greater need of iodine; increased iodine may not be optimal but is surely better than all of the downstream possible consequences of deficiency.



Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul-Sep;49(3):284-8.
Evaluation of possible goitrogenic and anti-thyroidal effect of nitrate, a potential environmental pollutant.
Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh D, Chatterjee A, Sinha S, Tripathy S, Chandra AK.
Source

Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Kolkata.

"The overall results indicated the development of a relative state of functional hypothyroidism with enlarged thyroid after nitrate exposure. This study can explain a part for the persistence of residual goitre in the post-salt iodization phase."

Nitrate intake and the risk of thyroid cancer and thyroid disease.
Ward MH, Kilfoy BA, Weyer PJ, Anderson KE, Folsom AR, Cerhan JR.
Source

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. wardm@mail.nih.gov

BACKGROUND:

Nitrate is a contaminant of drinking water in agricultural areas and is found at high levels in some vegetables. Nitrate competes with uptake of iodide by the thyroid, thus potentially affecting thyroid function.


Increased thyroid volume and frequency of thyroid disorders signs in schoolchildren from nitrate polluted area.
Tajtáková M, Semanová Z, Tomková Z, Szökeová E, Majoros J, Rádiková Z, Seböková E, Klimes I, Langer P.
Source

Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Kosice, Slovakia.

It was concluded that long-term exposure to high nitrate intake by drinking water and home made meals from local products results in increased thyroid volume and increased frequency of signs of subclinical thyroid disorders (thyroid hypoechogenicity by ultrasound, increased TSH level and positive anti-TPO).


Comments on California’s Draft Public Health Goal for Perchlorate
February 23, 2011

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...AZ-E-vVD_oV2XA

My comments address a failure to account for ubiquitous exposure to
nitrate and thiocyanate, which have the same biological mode of action as
perchlorate, in setting the PHG. Potential perchlorate risks are unlikely to be
distinguishable from the ubiquitous background of other naturally occurring
substances present at much higher exposures that can affect the thyroid via the same biological mode of action as perchlorate, especially nitrate.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

There are references to some extremely thought provoking papers on the impact of fluoride in this site called fluoride alert.

Given the potential risks of the combination of increased fluoride intake and low iodine, and the growing apparent list of negative health effects of fluoride especially were iodine is low, including on the most fundamental human health issues such as early development and IQ, versus the only claimed upside possible of lowering of carries in the young (maybe at the expense of more brittle bones ? ? ? etc), I increasingly believe on a risk reward basis that the decision to fluoridate water should now be revisited.

http://fluoridealert.org/studies/thyroid01/

Abstract (I recommend you visit the site and particularly the above section; you too may want to have a silent scream)

"Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency

A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and early childhood, the child’s brain can suffer permanent damage, including mental retardation.
Fluoride, Low Iodine, & IQ — Human Studies

In China, researchers have repeatedly found that an iodine deficiency coupled with fluoride exposure produces a significantly more damaging effect on neurological development than iodine deficiency alone. In the first study to investigate the issue, Ren reported that:

“From the results it is evident that disrupted child intellectual development is among the effects on the human body from a harmful environment containing both high fluoride and low iodine, and this disruption is clearly much more serious than the effects of iodine deficiency alone.”
SOURCE: Ren D, et al. (1989). A study of the intellectual ability of 8-14 year-old children in high fluoride, low iodine areas. Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases 4(4):251 (republished in Fluoride 2008; 41:319-20). [See study]

Since Ren’s study, other research teams have reported the same result. In 1991, a UNICEF-funded study concluded that fluoride levels of just 0.9 ppm (less than the level added to many water supplies for fluoridation) were sufficient to worsen the effects of iodine deficiency. The authors found that, when compared to children with iodine deficiency in a low-fluoride area, the children with iodine deficiency in the 0.9 ppm area had increased TSH levels, reduced T3, reduced intelligence, retarded bone development, and reduced hearing. According to the authors:

“Statistically significant differences existed between these areas, suggesting that a low iodine intake coupled with high fluoride intake exacerbates the central nervous lesions and the somatic developmental disturbance of iodine deficiency.”
SOURCE: Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Endemic Disease Bulletin 6(2):62-67 (republished in Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7(3):24-25). [See study]" . . . MORE

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Another I want to scream (but only do so quietly to myself) or bash my head on the desk moment (which I do not do because it hurts); prompted by a reference to fluoride from coal combustion on the Fluoride Alert web site (see above). Why is somebody not looking in depth at our total fluoride / goitrogen exposure; if this is an issue in China should it not be under active consideration in the western world. If governments were looking at it surely all of these iodine blocking factors would be brought together in one place for assessment and reported on; I have not seen any suggestion that they are. To the contrary those who are better placed than me to know suggest no agency is looking at intake overall; see video link below.

Where we are going to get affordable energy from is a whole other issue; logically finding ways to use less might be a good start.

I wondered how much of an issue is fluoride emission from coal combustion, and was this only something particular to Chinese coal or a more global issue.

Depressingly it appears one way or another humans do absorb significant amounts of airborne fluoride. For those who feel China is a long way a way, it appears the reality is US (and so likely all) coal power plants emit significant amounts of fluoride (or at least did; I need to check if air scrubbing technology has improved ?).

So even those for whatever reason who have chosen to avoid fluoridated water and toothpaste may still be getting a daily dose of fluoride - OK the amount will depend on where you live etc etc! and maybe airborne fluoride alone may? not be an issue but we are back to disease by a thousand cuts and the as yet unassessed in full cumulative effects of fluoridation of water toothpaste, use of fluorine based products in the food chain, chlorination of water, nitrates, perchlorate etc etc etc.

The extent to which higher iodine intake will counter balance a higher fluoride intake is not clear, but the ever growing list of sources of 'goitrogens' including fluoride (water, air and food), chlorination (water and food), nitrates (water and food), toothpaste + perchlorate etc would add to the weight of argument for reexamining how much iodine we need and how to incorporate it into the diet (or even maybe by supplementation).



Fluoride from coal burning emission.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...55123115,d.Yms


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL FLUORIDE INTAKE
AND DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN AREAS POLLUTED
BY AIRBORNE FLUORIDE

In fluorosis resulting from consumption of high fluoride (F) levels in drinking water, F enters the human body through the digestive tract. But, in fluorosis induced by airborne F, F enters the human body through both the respiratory and digestive tracts. The latter clearly involves contamination of both water and food by airborne F. The total fluoride intake of a patient with air-pollution-type fluorosis is, thus, the sum of fluoride intake through the respiratory and the digestive tracts.





http://208.109.172.241/f-powerplants.htm

http://http://208.109.172.241/images/TRI-coal98.gif

Electric Power Research Institute - Hydrogen Fluoride.

Hydrogen fluoride from power plants is about 84% of all the hydrogen fluoride from human activities released into the air each year in the United States. Almost all hydrogen fluoride from power plants comes from burning coal. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that U.S. power plants burning coal released about 32,100 tons of hydrogen fluoride into the air in 1994.

Fluoride Pollution from Coal Burning in China Compilation of recent studies, 1990-2001

Recently a huge amount of fluoride in coal has been released into indoor environments by the combustion of coal and fluoride pollution seems to be increasing in some rural areas in China...Since airborne fluoride from the combustion of coal pollutes extensively both the living environment and food, it is necessary to reduce fluoride pollution caused by coal burning. ("Health effects of fluoride pollution caused by coal burning." Sci Total Environ 2001 Apr 23;271(1-3):107-16

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Video clip from Fluoride Alert for those who prefer listening to reading.

Thought provoking stuff from a toxicologist.

http://fluoridealert.org/fan-tv/vyvyan-howard/


And a video about our increasing intake . . . (apparently pesticides are a significant source - I have not checked this out - yet)


http://fluoridealert.org/fan-tv/how-...-we-ingesting/

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Iodine and eggs (and dairy)

(Eggs are a great food; chickens may not agree, but it appear the eggs and likely the chickens too are not what they once were, so chickens too should be concerned :) )

Traditionally eggs have been considered a good source of iodine; maybe because chickens concentrate iodine into eggs because it is essential to the development of healthy chicks.

This paper cited previously suggested that eggs may be associated with iodine deficiency in adolescent females in the UK.

http://her2support.org/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=53928

This puzzelled me for a few moments; maybe we do not feed hens as much fish meal as we used to I pondered, and mentally set the issue to one side.

I had forgotten the obvious that chickens drink water and eat food too, http://www.beeskneesdance.com/bees_k...impson-doh.gif and so like us will be exposed to perchlorate, fluoride, chlorinated water, etc.

Perchlorate is apparently preferred to iodine by the iodine transporter found in the thyroid, reproductive tissues, and lots of other places, and that it would appear may apply to chickens too as chickens that ingest perchlorate concentrate it in their eggs at the expense of iodine/iodide. Did the IQ of the chickens suffer :) ; maybe that issue was not high on the researchers' agenda :(.

Our friend nitrate makes a showing too.

Was soy (a potential goitrogen) included in chicken meal; we do not know.

The conclusion was that the perchlorate in eggs did not add to the load in 2280 human individuals, but could goitrogens in chicken feed, and consequent increase in perchlorate and decrease in iodine go some way to explain the finding above that egg intake was related to iodine deficiency ?

And it occurs to me cows eat and drink too, and mammary glands concentrate iodine in milk at least in cows and people. Does perchlorate reduce the iodine content of milk? It appears it has the potential too - Oh dear :( - and does perchclorate get into milk; it appears it does :( - The amount may depend on the iodine intake of the cow . . . but it increase with increased perchlorate intake . . . which may not exceed the recommended daily intake maximum on its own . . . but perchlorate is found in water etc etc . . . back to disease by a thousand cuts.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18959414

J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Nov 26;56(22):10709-15. doi: 10.1021/jf8018326.
Perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and iodide levels in chicken feed, water, and eggs from three farms.
Blount BC, Ozpinar A, Alwis KU, Caudill SP, Gillespie JR.
Source

Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. bkb3@cdc.gov
Abstract

Perchlorate is an inhibitor of iodide uptake that is found widely in the environment. Given the potential for perchlorate accumulation during egg formation and the widespread consumption of eggs, it is important to examine eggs as a source of exposure to perchlorate and other potential inhibitors of iodide uptake (nitrate and thiocyanate). This study was conducted to determine potential human exposure to perchlorate from eggs produced by chicken flocks consuming differing amounts of perchlorate. The mean concentrations of perchlorate (7.16 ( 1.99 microg/kg of dry weight), nitrate (2820 ( 2100 microg/kg of dry weight), thiocyanate (574 +/- 433 microg/kg of dry weight), and iodide (2980 ( 1490 microg/kg of dry weight) in eggs (n = 180) from 15 chicken houses on 3 U.S. farms were determined. Chickens secreted into eggs an average of 23% of the perchlorate ingested from feed and water. Perchlorate levels in eggs were positively correlated with perchlorate intake (p < 0.001). Increased intake of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate was associated with decreased iodide levels in eggs, possibly indicating a competitive transport mechanism, such as sodium-iodide symporter. It was estimated that egg consumption contributes minimal perchlorate (approximately 0.040 microg) compared to the average total intake of approximately 10.5 microg for U.S. adults. Additionally, it was found that egg consumption was not associated with increased perchlorate exposure in 2820 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (p value for the difference of least-squares means, pDiff = 0.225). From these findings it was concluded that, although chickens secrete perchlorate in eggs, eggs do not appear to be a significant source of perchlorate exposure for adults in the United States.


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...22030273852464

Abstract

These experiments quantitate the relation between amount of perchlorate ingested and radioiodine transferred to milk of the cow when radioiodine is fed daily or after radioiodine administration ceases.

When radioiodine was given daily, graded doses of perchlorate, from 10 to 4,000 mg/day, increased plasma iodine in accord with Y = 88.1 X.052 (Y = % of control value and X is the daily dose of perchlorate in milligrams.) Curves for iodine-125 in milk and ratio of milk to plasma iodine-125 between the limits of 50 and 1,000 mg perchlorate daily were fitted by Y = 794.8 X-.525 and Y = 1,046.5X-.601; these same curves between 10 and 50 mg perchlorate daily were fitted by Y = 85.6 + .37 X and Y = 82.3 + .28 X. Between 1,000 and 4,000 mg perchlorate, these curves had a slope of 0. These data indicate that perchlorate can inhibit the iodide-transfer mechanism of the mammary gland of the cow and that a ratio of milk to iodine of .2 indicates complete blockage of this transfer.

Administration of 1 g of perchlorate daily leads to 55% less radioiodine being transferred to milk after administration of iodine 125 has ceased.

Also see for cows with iodine in feed and on equipment to prevent matitis

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275600/


Conclusion; Nerds (me et al), cows and chickens may too need more iodine than they used to because of exposure to dietary goitrogens.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Going back to the core issue of this board breast cancer.

There seems to be no easily findable (if any?) work looking at the effect of fluoride or perchlorate intake on breast cancer risk.

There is more work looking at iodine and breast cancer; but not a lot. This paper on iodine is interesting.

Odd bits of research, much of it old (I guess because funding for iodine research is limited - it cannot be patented) strongly suggest it is likely that iodine transporters are not the only mechanisms for the uptake of iodide / iodine so the whole issue of iodine probably has many more layers than we are currently aware of.

Interestingly and in a way unsurprisingly (babies need iodine) the hormones associated with pregnancy and lactation increase iodine transporter activity. A high proportion of breast cancers demonstrate increased iodine uptake; the question is how does low iodine affect the early and later development of BC. The abstract below suggest that iodine is preventative, and that many of those with BC are deficient in iodine and or have enlarged thyroids etc (low iodine is in general terms linked with increase in thyroid size it appears).

Iodine Alters Gene Expression in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: Evidence for an Anti-Estrogen Effect of Iodine

http://www.medsci.org/v05p0189.htm

The high rate of breast disease in women with thyroid abnormalities (both dietary and clinical) suggests a correlation between thyroid and breast physiology [1-3]. In addition, women with breast cancer have larger thyroid volumes then controls [2]. Multiple studies suggest that abnormalities in iodine metabolism are the likely link [4-7]. Additionally, the impact of iodine therapy for the maintenance of healthy breast tissue has been reported in both animal [4-7] and clinical studies [8, 9] yet the mechanisms responsible remain unclear.

Iodide (I-) uptake is observed in approximately 80% of breast cancers as well as fibrocystic breast disease and lactating breasts; however, quantitatively, no significant iodide uptake is reported in normal, non-lactating breast tissue [10]. Clinical trials have demonstrated that women with cyclic mastalgia [9] or fibrocystic disease [8] can have symptomatic relief from treatment with molecular iodine (I2). Iodine deficiency, either dietary or pharmacologic, can lead to breast atypia and increased incidence of malignancy in animal models [11]. Furthermore, iodine treatment can reverse dysplasia which results from iodine deficiency [5]. Rat models using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to induce dysplasia and eventually carcinogenesis have shown that the presence of molecular iodine in the animal's diet can prevent tumor formation; yet, when iodine is removed from the diet, these animals develop tumors at rates comparable to those of control animals [5, 7]. These data suggest that iodine diminishes early cancer progression through an inhibitory effect on cancer initiating cells. . .

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

Perchlorate intake in rats leads to alteration in breast tissue :( and earlier breast developmental issues. Yes they are using large amounts but it still demonstrates that iodine uptake is essential to breast health, and perchlorate is a blocker of iodine uptake in the breast so a risk exists from perchlorate we put into the environment, and especially so when combined with the issues of additional blocking fluoride chlorination nitrates food goitrogens etc


Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1979 Nov;103(12):631-4.
Age-related changes resembling fibrocystic disease in iodine-blocked rat breasts.
Krouse TB, Eskin BA, Mobini J.
Abstract

It has been reported that dietary restriction and chemical blockade of iodine causes histopathologic changes in peripubertal female rat breasts. This study extended the age range to include midreproductive life and perimenopausal rats; there is a wider spectrum of structural alterations that are associated with the older breast, with sodium perchlorate as the blocking agent. In 16-week-old rats, breasts showed general increased parenchymal activity and growth, regressing after removal of the block. In 42-week-old rats, breasts showed noticeable calcospherite deposition, intralobular fibrosis, and cystic changes resembling human fibrocystic disease. In 52-week-old rats, breasts exhibited atypical lobules cytologically, papillomatosis, sclerosing adenosis, calcifications, and a lobular transformation of a histologically dysplastic type. It is the older rat that experiments will more closely parallel the human condition.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/167953

Cancer Res. 1975 Sep;35(9):2332-9.
Rat mammary gland atypia produced by iodine blockade with perchlorate.
Eskin BA, Shuman R, Krouse T, Merion JA.
Abstract

Prior published work from our laboratory concluded that there was a need for appropriate metabolic activity of iodine in breast tissue for normal growth and development. Results from studies in rats that were made iodine deficient showed histological changes in the breasts that were atypical and dysplastic. These tissue findings were further affected by the presence of estrogen and thyroxine. These changes parallel the iodine uptake of the tissues, thus representing a difference in the utilization of iodine by the mammary glands. Using an ion blockade agent, sodium perchlorate, breast tissues lacking iodine were evaluated by both endocrine and histological techniques. A dose-response series was completed that showed that perchlorate therapy for 8 weeks at 400 mg/100 ml produced breast blockade by a reduction in iodine uptake of greater than 52% of the control. At these levels, the histological experimentation showed atypia and some pleomorphism of the cells, particularly in the glands of the lobules. Blockade was less effective in estrogen-treated groups. It is especially notable that both histological changes and uptake reduction were greatest in those breasts that had been rendered euthyroid by thyroxine replacement, thus clearly indicating the necessity of iodine itself for maintenance of normal breast development. By this blockade the responses of iodine inadequacy in the breast were shown to cause abnormal tissue changes relative to the percentage of the block obtained.

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

The information below as to fluoride based pesticides is thought provoking; does anyone know if this is still an issue?

To put things into context a UK dietary survey http://www.food.gov.uk/science/resea...s#.UmuWAlOt_os found the highest fluorine levels were in the fish food group 1.9mg per Kg or 1.9 parts per million (Sorry got that wrong earlier :( ). Fish is generally regarded as a healthy food and a good source of iodine, which brings us back to the question is iodine deficiency rather than fluoride intake the primary issue (except in very young infants, because it seems breast milk production filters out most fluoride, and what are the implications of that).

(Perchlorate as a blocker may be a particular case as it is reported to be taken up better than iodine, which would explain why it appears to preferentially block iodine uptake; so upping iodine intake may help but not fully negate the effects of perchclorate)

This East African paper http://eurekamag.com/research/003/14...-in-africa.php (PDF can be downloaded free) confirms fish, both fresh and marine, contain significant amounts of fluoride and particularity in the skin, as apparently do some food stuffs there (Is that due to high levels of flouride in soils or water, and what implications does that have for the west; are we increasing soil levels through for example the use of coal, and or using treated water for husbandry or crop irrigation).

This paper looks at more northerly species. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...55123115,d.Yms Fluoride in the fillets is generally modest but again high is skin and bones. So sardines are likely to be a significant source of fluoride. Coastal populations in some countries such as Portugal ate sardines regularly. This paper looking at goiter in Europe says that it was rare in coastal Portuguese populations, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...55123115,d.Yms which brings us back to iodine, as well maybe as the importance of other marine nutrients including selenium and other minerals - we are back to complex interactions again !

Goiter is common in areas of East Africa, as apparently is fluorosis of the teeth; is this due to iodine deficiency or a high fluoride intake - most likely iodine deficiency I postulate.

The paper reports oyster tissue contained in the order of 240mg of fluorine per Kg! ( I am trying to check this figure as it seems very high - but the general precept still holds as it appears fish are in comparative terms high in fluoride, but also a source of iodine; figures on iodine levels in foods are not easy to find either !) I have not seen goitre or fluorosis being reported as a consequence of regular oyster consumption, or being Inuit, which again brings us back to the question is iodine deficiency the main issue. (Marine food contain iodine, but apart from milk most land based foods contain little iodine)

This report ( I will add the reference tomorrow as I have lost the link) would seem to suggest that western sources of higher levels of fluoride include (or maybe used to?) common foods such as grape juice and cereals, which self evidently are unlikely to contain significant iodine.

Some suggest that in considering whether to fluoridate water we should be mindful of the high levels of fluoride in food. The question also occurs to me how do dental trials looking at fluoride differentiate the effects of fluoride in water and larger ? amounts in food ?

The site below raises the issue of the use of pesticides that contain fluorine. I do not know if they are still in use.


Fluoride residue tolerances approved for food by US EPA as of July 15, 2005.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-cont...july.2005.html

http://fluoridedetective.com/fluorid...uryl-fluoride/

Sulfuryl Fluoride:

Fluoride Fumigated FoodSulfuryl fluoride is a pesticide used to fumigate food warehouses. Kills bugs and rodents dead. Toxic?
Oh heck yeah!!

The EPA classifies it in the most acutely toxic category of pesticides: a restricted use pesticide (1) which means that food products and packaging must be removed from warehouses before they can be fumigated. No food contact allowed. Makes sense, right?

Well all this changed in 2004. Since 2004 sulfuryl fluoride has become widely used ON foods. (I bet Dow Chemical lobbyists earned a fat bonus on this.)

Now EPA allows these fumigations to create fluoride residues of up to 70 ppm fluoride “in or on” all processed foods (except specified foods) and 130 ppm “in or on” wheat!
Fluoride Alert has compiled a list of tolerated fluoride levels in fumigated foods. (5)(6)(7)(8)

Labeling of exposed foods

AND, if that’s not bad enough, no regulations require exposed foods to be labeled accordingly! Consumers have no warning whether a food has been fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride. And since fluoride is flavorless, odorless, and colorless, we are intentionally left totally in the dark on the nature of what we’re eating.

How much is 70 ppm fluoride anyway?

Look at it this way: In January 2011 the CDC lowered the amount of fluoride to be in our drinking water from 1.2 ppm to 0.7 ppm due to health concerns. With that in mind, consider your fresh or frozen dinner vegetables laden with up to 70 ppm of fluoride or the flour in your bread having 130 ppm fluoride. Ouch!!

Re: Iodine deficiency ! - falling intakes - goitregens - competition bromine and fluo
 

This video from fluoride alert suggests there have been no blinded randomized trials looking at the benefits of fluoridation of water on tooth decay.

They differentiate topical fluorine application to the teeth from fluoridation of water.

Some strongly question the wisdom of fluoridation.

They suggest studies do not show any clear benefit.



http://fluoridealert.org/fan-tv/benefits/